{ "fields": [ { "id": "1b6cb37e-2a00-8000-adc6-f1fe226a4b22", "name": "Neuroscience", "slug": "neuroscience", "description": "\nThe brain is responsible for an enormous portion of human disease burden.\n\nWe need new tools to access the brain more broadly and deeply to illuminate the molecular, cellular and circuit mechanisms underlying the brain’s functions and its disorders.\n\n> “To understand in depth what is going on in a brain, we need tools that can fit inside or between neurons and transmit reports of neural events to receivers outside. We need observing instruments that are local, non-destructive and non-invasive, with rapid response, high band-width and high spatial resolution… There is no law of physics that declares such an observational tool to be impossible.” – _Freeman Dyson, Imagined Worlds, 1997_\n" }, { "id": "1b6cb37e-2a00-804b-bc98-d3e20805a016", "name": "Immunology", "slug": "immunology", "description": "\nIn principle, the immune system surveys essentially the entire body and stores a memory of much of what it finds. The system is theoretically highly programmable by inserting or removing DNA-encoded adaptive immune receptor molecules. However, our current ability to read-write this system is limited and new tools and datasets are needed to harness its power. While [data suggest](https://www.nature.com/articles/35008096) that antigens displayed on the cell surface may not be well predicted by DNA sequences and genetic code, the ability to unbiasedly identify and _de novo_ sequence antigens remains limited. \n\n" }, { "id": "1b6cb37e-2a00-8052-8d77-fa7ebf8cc8c0", "name": "Cellular and Molecular Biology", "slug": "cellular-and-molecular-biology", "description": "\n Cells, organs, organisms and notably brains could be observable and perturbable with far greater spatiotemporal precision, multiplexing of targets/variables and 3D access through better physical and chemical tools.\n\n" }, { "id": "1c0cb37e-2a00-8098-aa05-edbd8838763d", "name": "Physiology and Medicine", "slug": "physiology-and-medicine", "description": "\nOur ability to advance medicine is limited by the rate at which we can conduct human experiments and the translatability of our experimental models. Improving medicine by expanding our understanding of and ability to modulate living humans. Aging research requires that we understand what’s happening in humans over long timescales, and that we can identify biomarkers that can proxy these trends.\n\n" }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8018-9437-eaafd782ddbb", "name": "Materials Science", "slug": "materials-science", "description": "\nOur ability to build breakthrough technologies is fundamentally limited by the materials we have at our disposal. By accelerating the discovery of novel materials and advancing fabrication methods, we can overcome these constraints.\n\n" }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8072-8069-fe4247544341", "name": "Synthetic Biology", "slug": "synthetic-biology", "description": "\nSome of the long-standing holy grails in designing and customizing biological systems may now be coming into reach due to generative AI and high-throughput testing. We are beginning to design not only static protein structures but also functional enzymes, and even customize entire phages (viruses that infect bacteria) based on desired functions or host ranges.\n\n" }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80ad-b0ba-fe2564508931", "name": "Chemistry", "slug": "chemistry", "description": "\nWhile biology has taken the lead in leveraging large-scale open data and robotics, chemistry still has significant untapped potential. Biology’s early adoption of these approaches has accelerated discoveries and streamlined workflows, demonstrating that similar transformations in chemistry could revolutionize the field. By embracing open data practices and integrating robotics into high-throughput synthesis and experimentation, chemists can increase reproducibility and efficiency.\n\n" }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80e1-afda-fcf935b88476", "name": "Biophysics", "slug": "biophysics", "description": "\nThere are many open questions in biophysics, especially regarding how to simulate and engineer complex biomolecular matter—such as the intricate networks found in tissues and neural systems. By developing advanced data collection techniques that capture spatial and temporal dynamics, implementing precise control mechanisms to modulate key variables, and deliberately narrowing the design space to focus on the most critical parameters, we can better simulate, control, and engineer complex biological systems.\n\n" }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80e4-9e6e-ec1d2e30d87f", "name": "Nanoscale Fabrication", "slug": "nanoscale-fabrication", "description": "\nOur processes of fabricating materials have remained static over recent decades. Despite bold predictions from 1980s nanotechnology theorists that revolutionary changes were imminent, many traditional fabrication methods persist. What can we do to unlock new capabilities? \n\n" }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-803b-ba20-f4c68cf9d0ab", "name": "Computation", "slug": "computation", "description": "\nOur exploration of the computational universe is still in its infancy, constrained by traditional von Neumann architectures and energy-intensive processing. Emerging approaches—ranging from low-energy and neuromorphic systems to reversible and thermodynamic computing—promise to radically improve efficiency. At the same time, advanced AI safety, interpretability, and robust software synthesis are needed to ensure trustworthy and broadly capable computational systems.\n\n" }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80be-b01e-e0fcc67dcf05", "name": "Mechanical Engineering", "slug": "mechanical-engineering", "description": "\nOur ability to design and manufacture complex physical systems is still in its infancy when it comes to fully leveraging AI and automation. New approaches promise to transform mechanical system design, architectural planning, bioengineering, miniaturized robotics, mechanical simulation, and the real-world deployment of robots.\n\n" }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b6-aff1-fb757c640349", "name": "Astrophysics", "slug": "astrophysics", "description": "\nWe can liberate astrophysics and astronomy from a legacy model constrained by high launch costs and decadal government megaprojects. By leveraging reduced launch expenses, modular assembly techniques, and advances in commercial components, we can revolutionize telescope design and space missions to transform our understanding of the universe—uncovering new astrophysical phenomena and advancing fundamental physics. Moreover, exploring novel methods for detecting high-frequency gravitational waves may reveal unprecedented cosmic insights, especially as scaling up particle accelerators offers diminishing returns in probing new physics.\n\n" }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c7-8695-d48636945bea", "name": "Physics", "slug": "physics", "description": "\nPhysics is an ancient field, yet advances in technology are enabling more compact and innovative experimental platforms to tackle key scientific challenges. By rethinking traditional, large-scale infrastructures, we can accelerate our understanding of physical phenomena and their applications in cost-effective and agile ways.\n\n" }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f8-b6e6-d80f648bdd6e", "name": "Geophysics and Climate", "slug": "geophysics-and-climate", "description": "\nWe still lack robust ground truth measurements and reliable models to underpin the most pivotal climate strategies (although fully reliable models for multidecadal climate prediction [may](https://research-portal.uu.nl/files/234721221/Reviews_of_Geophysics_-_2020_-_Sherwood_-_An_Assessment_of_Earth_s_Climate_Sensitivity_Using_Multiple_Lines_of_Evidence.pdf) be asking for too much). Critical challenges include quantifying natural carbon removal, characterizing aerosol–cloud interactions, monitoring atmospheric processes, predicting climate tipping points, and developing direct interventions. Addressing these bottlenecks will require integrated computational and experimental platforms, advanced observation systems, and innovative intervention strategies.\n\n" }, { "id": "1c4cb37e-2a00-8000-9b59-d75e163b4e8c", "name": "Space Engineering", "slug": "space-engineering", "description": "\nOur current space infrastructure is constrained by legacy models and high costs. By leveraging commercial approaches, innovative construction methods, and new research in planetary engineering and interstellar exploration, we can break free from these limitations and open the door to a new era of space development. Some of these projects are larger than “bridge scale”.\n\n" }, { "id": "1c4cb37e-2a00-8052-8884-fe94bcb4d564", "name": "Biosecurity", "slug": "biosecurity", "description": "\nBiosecurity confronts the dynamic challenge of rapidly evolving microbes and the potential for malicious misuse of biotechnology. As pathogens and bad actors continuously adapt, it is critical to develop innovative approaches—from next-generation antibiotics and vaccines to advanced early-warning systems—to safeguard public health and critical infrastructure. Biosecurity is currently receiving very few resources relative to the level of unmet need, particularly with the proliferation of AI capabilities that could increase the number of capable bad actors.\n\n" }, { "id": "1c4cb37e-2a00-80cb-8b3c-e28684425c8b", "name": "Ecology", "slug": "ecology", "description": "\nOur understanding of the living world remains incomplete—from mapping unexplored biodiversity to engineering closed ecosystems. By building and deploying novel monitoring technologies, creating comprehensive datasets and machine learning models, we can unlock new insights into animal behavior, ecosystem dynamics and tipping points, and the potential for ecosystem restoration.\n\n" }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-8060-84f0-fdaac2dab6d9", "name": "Global Health", "slug": "global-health", "description": "\nGlobal health continues to face immense challenges from infectious diseases and inadequate diagnostic and therapeutic systems. Major gaps remain in our ability to develop effective vaccines and treatments, rapidly diagnose diseases, and prevent pathogen transmission. Addressing these issues is essential to reduce global morbidity and mortality, especially in low-resource settings, and ensure a resilient, interconnected world.\n\n" }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-806b-a9e9-fbec288c4ed2", "name": "Metascience", "slug": "metascience", "description": "\nMetascience aims to improve and diversify the social processes of scientific research. With challenges ranging from fraud in the literature to the overwhelming volume of scientific publications, new approaches are needed to expand the scientific enterprise.\n\n" }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-80ac-986a-ede079165668", "name": "Social Science", "slug": "social-science", "description": "\nSocial science is increasingly challenged by the overwhelming flood of information and misinformation, outdated economic models, and primitive methods for collective coordination. Innovative approaches—from AI-enhanced recommendation systems and digital tutors to decentralized governance and advanced simulation models—are needed to better understand human behavior, improve decision-making, and design more robust public institutions. Better epistemic infrastructure is needed to improve human reasoning, coordination, and truth-seeking.\n\n" } ], "gaps": [ { "id": "1b3cb37e-2a00-80cd-9213-c8eb788cc657", "name": "Most Brain Circuitry is Still Invisible", "slug": "most-brain-circuitry-is-still-invisible", "description": "Understanding the complete wiring of the brain at single–cell resolution, along with detailed molecular annotations, is critical for revealing how neural circuits support learning, memory, and behavior. Current technologies are prohibitively expensive and lack scalability, limiting our ability to link molecular composition with circuit connectivity and to understand the alterations present in brain disorders. This gap fundamentally makes diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of many brain disorders more difficult. Beyond the biomedical applications, maps of brain circuitry could play a fundamental role in grounding principles of safety for brain-like AI systems.\n\nInitiatives like the NIH BRAIN Initiative’s transformative projects (the BRAIN Initiative Cell Atlas Network (BICAN), the BRAIN Initiative Connectivity Across Scales (BRAIN CONNECTS) Network, and the Armamentarium for Precision Brain Cell Access) represent important efforts to illuminate foundational principles governing the circuit basis of behavior and to inform new approaches to treating human brain disorders by radically enhancing our understanding of brain cell types and the tools needed to access them (The BRAIN Initiative® 2.0: From Cells to Circuits, Toward Cures).", "field": { "id": "1b6cb37e-2a00-8000-adc6-f1fe226a4b22", "name": "Neuroscience" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1b4cb37e-2a00-8036-aa4f-f8930ffac5ee", "1b4cb37e-2a00-80ae-bb31-f2cc484cbf8f", "1b4cb37e-2a00-80cc-8e5f-f4dc2d15c252" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-8060-a0b6-cc4e1c0e782b", "name": "Fundamental Biomolecular Actors in Cells Remain Largely Invisible", "slug": "fundamental-biomolecular-actors-in-cells-remain-largely-invisible", "description": "Many of the fundamental actors in cells—proteins, lipids, and metabolites—are still mostly invisible to us, especially when considering their extensive multiplexity, diversity, cell-to-cell heterogeneity, and temporal variation. Without scalable, cost-effective technologies to capture these molecular details, our comprehensive analysis of complex biological systems remains limited.", "field": { "id": "1b6cb37e-2a00-8052-8d77-fa7ebf8cc8c0", "name": "Cellular and Molecular Biology" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1b4cb37e-2a00-8048-9641-e10b875bb35b", "1b4cb37e-2a00-805b-bbfb-e4702bbbb27c", "1b4cb37e-2a00-809f-99e9-f255d62e2815", "1b4cb37e-2a00-80f5-aa25-e712c235768f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-807c-88c6-d543174bdbd2", "name": "Current “Model Systems” for Brain Function are Not Representative of the Real Human Brain", "slug": "current-model-systems-for-brain-function-are-not-representative-of-the-real-human-brain", "description": "Current in vivo and in vitro models often fail to capture human brain function. Innovative model systems—including digital reconstructions, embodied simulations, and new biological models—are needed.", "field": { "id": "1b6cb37e-2a00-8000-adc6-f1fe226a4b22", "name": "Neuroscience" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1b4cb37e-2a00-8017-9c3a-faca36da22fb", "1b4cb37e-2a00-803f-a319-d774aea566fd", "1b4cb37e-2a00-8040-b9d2-f221d4502f91", "1b4cb37e-2a00-80c8-8277-dc36cd05a858", "1b4cb37e-2a00-80dd-bd1d-c9863e9b5fae", "1b4cb37e-2a00-80f6-8f74-c5228ba7e8d8", "1b4cb37e-2a00-80f7-9b26-d31b726d6b88" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80af-8e6b-ff088bc25396", "name": "Clinical Trials are Inefficient, Slow and Scarce", "slug": "clinical-trials-are-inefficient-slow-and-scarce", "description": "Clinical trial designs are often inefficient, resulting in high costs, lengthy timelines, and suboptimal patient outcomes. Innovative trial designs and decision-support tools are required to streamline the clinical evaluation process and accelerate therapeutic development.", "field": { "id": "1c0cb37e-2a00-8098-aa05-edbd8838763d", "name": "Physiology and Medicine" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1b4cb37e-2a00-8096-a2ca-c60028df9030", "1c1cb37e-2a00-805e-956b-dfa2baef87f1", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8070-b295-e2c1cdfc466f", "1c1cb37e-2a00-80a5-a157-cca91fc429b4", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8023-9cd1-c986c8de5af8", "1c1cb37e-2a00-80c0-8b4e-d1ccc14b4367", "1c1cb37e-2a00-80be-a815-de00ff02359b", "1c1cb37e-2a00-806a-87b8-cfa0f619cd67", "1c1cb37e-2a00-80bb-86e9-f2464ccc2edd", "1f0cb37e-2a00-80db-940f-de96a93d37f6" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80b5-a4f1-f702c75399f8", "name": "Our Immune System Can Uniquely Recognize Nearly Any Molecule but We Don’t Know the Recognition Code", "slug": "our-immune-system-can-uniquely-recognize-nearly-any-molecule-but-we-dont-know-the-recognition-code", "description": "A better understanding of how the immune system interacts at the molecular level with threats and triggers is critical. This knowledge would enable the development of predictive tools and technologies to augment immune responses—improving interventions against infections, cancers, and autoimmune disorders.", "field": { "id": "1b6cb37e-2a00-804b-bc98-d3e20805a016", "name": "Immunology" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1b4cb37e-2a00-8038-a083-c4bda0f7538b" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80b8-a4f8-ee697b40331b", "name": "Cellular and Biomolecular States Are\n Highly Multimodal and Complex", "slug": "cellular-and-biomolecular-states-are-highly-multimodal-and-complex", "description": "Cellular state is a multifaceted and complex phenomenon, involving multiple overlapping omics layers that vary in time and space. Capturing and representing this multimodal complexity is essential for predictive modeling of cell behavior and for advancing our understanding of cellular function. ", "field": { "id": "1b6cb37e-2a00-8052-8d77-fa7ebf8cc8c0", "name": "Cellular and Molecular Biology" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1b4cb37e-2a00-808f-8016-ed0e34bb66e3", "1b4cb37e-2a00-80b0-8054-d56e1fa698d0", "1b4cb37e-2a00-800a-a99a-c6b3bf8a960a" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80d3-b382-c445e2718659", "name": "Our Immune Memory Contains a Detailed History of Exposures but We Can’t Read It", "slug": "our-immune-memory-contains-a-detailed-history-of-exposures-but-we-cant-read-it", "description": "Immunological diseases often have nonobvious, complex etiologies and pathophysiologies that are difficult to identify.", "field": { "id": "1b6cb37e-2a00-804b-bc98-d3e20805a016", "name": "Immunology" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1b4cb37e-2a00-800c-b9d2-df04a8402a16", "1b4cb37e-2a00-8013-ab45-d8eab2f7a3fb", "1b4cb37e-2a00-8034-ba73-cefc0f554570", "1b4cb37e-2a00-8058-8429-cfd3c79b7f53", "1b4cb37e-2a00-80f3-9824-e12d0bfe0f19" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80da-94b7-d6c79e96cf17", "name": "We Can’t Take High-Resolution Movies of or Intervene in Brain Computation at the Single Neuron Level", "slug": "we-cant-take-high-resolution-movies-of-or-intervene-in-brain-computation-at-the-single-neuron-level", "description": "Capturing the dynamics of large brain networks at single-neuron resolution in vivo is extremely challenging. Advanced imaging methods that record fast, high-resolution activity without destructive intervention are required to unravel the complex interplay of neuronal circuits in real time.", "field": { "id": "1b6cb37e-2a00-8000-adc6-f1fe226a4b22", "name": "Neuroscience" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1b4cb37e-2a00-8043-a6ad-e037b8aad421", "1b4cb37e-2a00-806f-8585-e74b56bf89f4", "1b4cb37e-2a00-8082-a289-e7c4d1fe7f6e", "1b4cb37e-2a00-808e-8f5e-f2f13b51343d" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80e4-bb14-ecc39aa04c12", "name": "Most of the Human Brain Remains Inaccessible", "slug": "most-of-the-human-brain-remains-inaccessible", "description": "Large portions of the living human brain are difficult to observe and modulate with current technologies. Safer, noninvasive, or minimally invasive methods are needed to capture real-time brain state information. \n\r\nOne funding program dedicated to making advancements in this space is that of ARIA (UK science R&D agency), which launched the Scalable Neural Interfaces opportunity space to support a new suite of tools to interface with the human brain at scale.", "field": { "id": "1b6cb37e-2a00-8000-adc6-f1fe226a4b22", "name": "Neuroscience" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1b4cb37e-2a00-802d-bceb-e985e3133c26", "1b4cb37e-2a00-804d-8639-eaa7b5153815", "1b4cb37e-2a00-80af-8c60-cca83e5a230c", "1b4cb37e-2a00-80bd-bee4-fd98fc7e54d8", "1b4cb37e-2a00-80f0-965d-e326c333b76e", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8089-8cfe-eb2ad9182896", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80e0-9a6e-e255870837e2" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80e6-8b25-fd9e770fbb3f", "name": "Limited Ability to Image Molecules in Their Native Contexts", "slug": "limited-ability-to-image-molecules-in-their-native-contexts", "description": "We are currently limited in our ability to image molecules in their native contexts—for example, within live 3D tissues. Achieving scalable, high-resolution imaging of biomolecules in situ would de-risk many areas of biomedical science by enabling integrative, comprehensive molecular mapping within intact specimens.", "field": { "id": "1b6cb37e-2a00-8052-8d77-fa7ebf8cc8c0", "name": "Cellular and Molecular Biology" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1b4cb37e-2a00-803c-9ae5-f521d7801fbc", "1b4cb37e-2a00-80be-946e-c837881d5ef5", "1b4cb37e-2a00-80ca-b324-cdcdac9a2f59", "1b4cb37e-2a00-80e3-a775-ffb918e3064c", "1f0cb37e-2a00-8038-85f1-c83d88b15505" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8007-8b2a-c8c51e4c39d0", "name": "Fraud in the Scientific Literature", "slug": "fraud-in-the-scientific-literature", "description": "Scientific literature is plagued by fraudulent publications, undermining trust and slowing progress.", "field": { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-806b-a9e9-fbec288c4ed2", "name": "Metascience" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-8057-8c61-c5453214d1a0" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8007-8f03-ea967970cb8f", "name": "Modeling Mechanical Systems is Hard", "slug": "modeling-mechanical-systems-is-hard", "description": "The simulation and modeling of complex mechanical systems is challenging due to the intricate interplay of multiple physical phenomena. Improved computational models can enhance design and optimization.", "field": { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80be-b01e-e0fcc67dcf05", "name": "Mechanical Engineering" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80ad-8cef-fa475ca23767" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8008-8543-ca3099dae993", "name": "Lack of Applied Synthetic Biology Platforms", "slug": "lack-of-applied-synthetic-biology-platforms", "description": "Applied synthetic biology is underutilized in applications such as building sustainable food systems and repairing the environmental damage caused by conventional agriculture and industry. Despite advances in tools and chassis engineering, there are few robust platforms that translate synthetic biology into scalable, field-ready solutions. This includes not only the production of low-impact proteins and agricultural inputs but also bioremediation technologies for legacy pollutants—such as pesticide-laden soils, heavy metals, and nutrient runoff—that degrade ecosystems and constrain land use. A new generation of synthetic biology platforms is needed to address both sides of the problem: replacing harmful production methods and cleaning up their long-term consequences.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8072-8069-fe4247544341", "name": "Synthetic Biology" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-806a-af47-f7c449b19a11", "1c1cb37e-2a00-806c-ade2-c903dd306344", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8045-9056-da1570c17f64" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8008-9ca1-cf81d4b44116", "name": "Frontier Telescopes Are Expensive and Take Decades to Build", "slug": "frontier-telescopes-are-expensive-and-take-decades-to-build", "description": "The current model for building space telescopes is cost-prohibitive and slow, often requiring decades of development. New approaches that exploit reduced launch costs and modular assembly are needed to accelerate telescope construction and reduce costs, and there needs to be the organizational structure and hunger to adopt such methods.", "field": { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b6-aff1-fb757c640349", "name": "Astrophysics" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-807b-bd1e-d673f8b6586b", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80f2-902f-f0c88b808f31", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8029-81c3-e9ecd615a1fb" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-800b-8598-ea123934c801", "name": "AI Could Be Misused", "slug": "ai-could-be-misused", "description": "The risk of AI being misused—whether through malicious intent or unintended consequences—necessitates robust safeguards and countermeasures.", "field": { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-803b-ba20-f4c68cf9d0ab", "name": "Computation" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80df-abe5-df20e6fedd75", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80ec-81b3-fa62f2466b2f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-800c-90aa-fcb685877ee5", "name": "Challenges in Tracking and Restoring Resilient Ecosystems", "slug": "challenges-in-tracking-and-restoring-resilient-ecosystems", "description": "Regenerating degraded environments and designing self-sustaining systems require a unified understanding of ecological dynamics. Our current models fall short in predicting complex interactions—such as feedback loops and stability thresholds—that determine ecosystem behavior. \n\nTo close this gap, we need better datasets and models of biodiversity and animal movements, as well as tools to predict and contain invasive species. We also need the ability to experiment with restoration strategies, and validate approaches ranging from rewilding to engineering de-extinction technologies.", "field": { "id": "1c4cb37e-2a00-80cb-8b3c-e28684425c8b", "name": "Ecology" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80f8-b488-cbdf3bab9c56", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80b3-9520-f283b2744e56", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8067-b11f-c90242b46a0e", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80e1-b6bc-f977fe66bce1", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80cb-9d04-eb04f661a70d" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-800c-aafb-ec36c16025a8", "name": "Uncertainty and Noise in the Science of Room-Temperature Superconductivity", "slug": "uncertainty-and-noise-in-the-science-of-room-temperature-superconductivity", "description": "There remains significant uncertainty over whether metallic hydrogen can exhibit room-temperature superconductivity at reasonable pressures, and measurements of other systems have been irreproducible and fragmented.", "field": { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c7-8695-d48636945bea", "name": "Physics" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-8086-adf9-ee95725c38f8" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-800f-9e2a-cf61f6212c7e", "name": "Underdevelopment of Modern Tools in the Social Sciences", "slug": "underdevelopment-of-modern-tools-in-the-social-sciences", "description": "The social sciences need new tools to help researchers identify and prioritize important questions that will have an impact, and better infrastructure to collect qualitative data. Qualitative methods are powerful for understanding the how and why behind social outcomes, yet even the most comprehensive surveys don’t capture all the factors that contribute to social outcomes. AI-enabled qualitative methods could super-charge the social sciences, but there is much work to be done.\n\nSimilarly, many archaeological methods remain manual and lack the technological revolution seen in other fields, limiting discovery and analysis.", "field": { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-80ac-986a-ede079165668", "name": "Social Science" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8036-bd26-fff62f3c54f2", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b5-8c03-f4525550cb12", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b4-bea0-c9314c934760" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8012-ae64-f8ff6f67ee0b", "name": "Inability to Comprehend and Synthesize the Entire Scientific Literature at Scale", "slug": "inability-to-comprehend-and-synthesize-the-entire-scientific-literature-at-scale", "description": "The volume of scientific publications is overwhelming, making it difficult for humans to read, comprehend, and synthesize the entire body of literature. How can AI-generated knowledge become cumulative? What should a machine-human shared Wikipedia look like? We should collect and synthesize all the world’s knowledge, accelerate its development, and make it universally available in a compelling form.", "field": { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-806b-a9e9-fbec288c4ed2", "name": "Metascience" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-80b5-a6b6-d72a0e6d6596", "1c7cb37e-2a00-80e8-8c20-c5615927d5e4", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8084-a621-f55ac259c6b8", "1c7cb37e-2a00-80d5-8d2c-d403864922db", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8038-9f8a-e18059923bf7" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8012-aeb4-c0c2e9c20f46", "name": "Proving Math Theorems is Challenging for Both Humans and AI", "slug": "proving-math-theorems-is-challenging-for-both-humans-and-ai", "description": "Both human mathematicians and current AI systems struggle with proving complex math theorems. Enhancing theorem proving through interactive and automated methods could push the boundaries of mathematical reasoning.", "field": { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-803b-ba20-f4c68cf9d0ab", "name": "Computation" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80f2-a6e3-e4b3d8d9f275" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8013-a845-c84eb5cde804", "name": "Policy Creation and Evaluation is Manual and Suffers from Low Efficiency and Accountability", "slug": "policy-creation-and-evaluation-is-manual-and-suffers-from-low-efficiency-and-accountability", "description": "Policy development and evaluation processes today rely heavily on manual human review to ensure accountability. However, as AI systems increasingly support or automate these processes, this human-centered accountability becomes challenging. Human reviewers risk becoming a critical bottleneck, slowing policy implementation. New tools are needed to streamline policy creation and evaluation, and to ensure consistency and compliance before deployment.", "field": { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-80ac-986a-ede079165668", "name": "Social Science" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8089-b88f-e1232ffdec29" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8018-8a8c-f42f50d9229a", "name": "Many Methods Are Stuck in 20th Century Fabrication Paradigms", "slug": "many-methods-are-stuck-in-20th-century-fabrication-paradigms", "description": "Modern manufacturing systems largely rely on paradigms developed in the last century where large machines produce components smaller than themselves. This approach is increasingly limited by scaling challenges and cost inefficiencies. To meet future demands, we need to reimagine manufacturing by developing universal robotic construction systems and low-capital, high-energy manufacturing solutions that leverage emerging technologies such as advanced robotics, precision machining, and renewable energy integration. These innovations could, for example, dramatically lower the cost of machining high-performance materials like titanium or enable widespread automation in sectors like desalination.", "field": { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80be-b01e-e0fcc67dcf05", "name": "Mechanical Engineering" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80e6-b691-e5ba37ae3436", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80c7-a4cf-ee6416d47604", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8011-9ab5-eb6b4c9859df", "1c2cb37e-2a00-804c-98ce-ea4a6aabab5f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-801a-bbfd-cd37c0419eca", "name": "Incomplete Resolution of the Possibility of Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions", "slug": "incomplete-resolution-of-the-possibility-of-low-energy-nuclear-reactions", "description": "While low-energy nuclear reactions (LENRs) have received substantial attention and there is no good evidence they exist, there may still be other mechanisms or parameter combinations that are underexplored.", "field": { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c7-8695-d48636945bea", "name": "Physics" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-8025-8dbc-d924ee7ef0ea" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-801b-bbfd-c904de35f2b4", "name": "Our Platforms for Civic Engagement and Democratic Decision-Making Don’t Take Advantage of 21st Century Scalable Technology", "slug": "our-platforms-for-civic-engagement-and-democratic-decision-making-dont-take-advantage-of-21st-century-scalable-technology", "description": "Our current systems for democratic participation are hindered by outdated platforms and tools that fail to scale with modern needs. Limited survey infrastructure, insecure voting methods, and under-informative deliberative tools restrict our capacity for informed, collective decision-making. By harnessing AI to facilitate clearer expression of public opinion and leveraging innovative technologies for secure, scalable engagement, we can transform civic participation into a more robust, effective, and inclusive process.", "field": { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-80ac-986a-ede079165668", "name": "Social Science" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80e3-bfbd-f6722332930c", "1c3cb37e-2a00-806c-a3cf-f293481902b8" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-801b-bd01-c3b284abeb44", "name": "Ephemeral Societal Data on Proprietary Platforms", "slug": "ephemeral-societal-data-on-proprietary-platforms", "description": "Much critical data is stored on proprietary platforms and is at risk of disappearing, hindering long-term research and reproducibility.", "field": { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-80ac-986a-ede079165668", "name": "Social Science" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-8003-9a14-d43d9eafa0f0" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8022-8d55-d645dc19dcf6", "name": "When We Put a Molecule in the Human Body, We Can’t Predict What It Will Do", "slug": "when-we-put-a-molecule-in-the-human-body-we-cant-predict-what-it-will-do", "description": "Drug development is often hampered by failures related to absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/Tox). Improved predictive models for molecular interactions are essential for designing safer, more effective drugs, as well as evaluating the impact of environmental chemicals.\n\nAdditionally, there is a significant gap in our knowledge of what exactly is present in foods and how these components affect human biology. A comprehensive mapping of the “foodome” and studies on food component functionality are needed to advance nutrition science and personalized dietary interventions.", "field": { "id": "1c0cb37e-2a00-8098-aa05-edbd8838763d", "name": "Physiology and Medicine" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-806e-a3b2-d656247d1f19", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8090-a5e4-cebc0eb7f707", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8068-a40a-fc08a69a477f", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80ef-825d-f46ba209a0a3", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8008-933d-fe972adef17b", "1c8cb37e-2a00-806c-954e-c64cc93cc7e5", "1c8cb37e-2a00-804c-b1a9-c0333ba552c4", "1c8cb37e-2a00-808d-8a72-d5b96ca43396", "1c8cb37e-2a00-801f-8653-dd1242e1c317", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80f3-a427-d4128d753435" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8026-a0fa-ff9d396d425a", "name": "Limited ability to identify molecular structures through spectroscopy", "slug": "limited-ability-to-identify-molecular-structures-through-spectroscopy", "description": "Most molecular structure determination methods lose critical information, and solving the inverse problem remains challenging. This limits our ability to accurately reconstruct molecular structures from spectral data.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80ad-b0ba-fe2564508931", "name": "Chemistry" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-80e7-8884-fc5e33b4f454", "1c1cb37e-2a00-80e5-9a5d-d849f053228b" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8026-a3fb-ffd7b5bf54f1", "name": "Manual and Laborious Nature of Chemical Synthesis", "slug": "manual-and-laborious-nature-of-chemical-synthesis", "description": "Chemical synthesis remains largely manual, limiting throughput and reproducibility. The field requires robust automation to accelerate discovery and production of new molecules.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80ad-b0ba-fe2564508931", "name": "Chemistry" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-80a1-9b70-f4ddebf822b1", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8041-9f1e-d03852660262", "1c1cb37e-2a00-806b-9cb7-e4441ea649ea", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8020-aaa7-ca63427edc46", "1c1cb37e-2a00-807e-9d70-e8d9ac9aef86", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8014-916a-f6ba1b6c9b15", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8087-8b0c-c7eec822f9e7" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8027-8eda-e6f4a472c3ad", "name": "Quantum Gravity is Experimentally Hard to Constrain\r\n", "slug": "quantum-gravity-is-experimentally-hard-to-constrain", "description": "Quantum gravity remains elusive, with experimental constraints hindered by the need for extremely large-scale or prohibitively expensive experiments.", "field": { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c7-8695-d48636945bea", "name": "Physics" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80e3-b8ec-e600634fff91" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8027-9ab6-d431ec43d57f", "name": "Microbes Quickly Out-Evolve Our Defenses", "slug": "microbes-quickly-out-evolve-our-defenses", "description": "Pathogenic microbes evolve quickly, and bad actors may exploit biotechnology for harmful purposes. Our current defenses struggle to keep pace with these evolving threats.", "field": { "id": "1c4cb37e-2a00-8052-8884-fe94bcb4d564", "name": "Biosecurity" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-803b-9766-c484a72e1d85", "1c3cb37e-2a00-804f-90d5-fd6cefb1bd42", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8092-9907-ea3ab9c2cfc7", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80fa-b511-e48564667c48", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ed-afe8-d2d72d41d0aa", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8063-a343-f0c191624910", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8005-8bbe-fe3e4de307ea" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-802e-bd40-dd7361f31518", "name": "Inadequate Blockers of Transmission", "slug": "inadequate-blockers-of-transmission", "description": "Our ability to block the transmission of pathogens is limited. Without effective strategies, airborne and surface-based transmission continues to spread diseases. A meta roadmap is here.", "field": { "id": "1c4cb37e-2a00-8052-8884-fe94bcb4d564", "name": "Biosecurity" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80e3-887b-ea30b2e7b27d", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f7-97b9-d80fafddabfd", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ee-a5be-fe6e7252ca2a", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8099-9a67-f69a6a0da355" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8031-b79b-c13cca53b9c9", "name": "Difficulty Delivering Physical Probes for Imaging into Living Cells", "slug": "difficulty-delivering-physical-probes-for-imaging-into-living-cells", "description": "Delivering physical probes for imaging into living cells is challenging due to barriers in cell membranes and potential perturbation of cellular function. New approaches are required to enable high-dimensional biosensing without invasive probes.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80e1-afda-fcf935b88476", "name": "Biophysics" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-8077-8755-ce584ba364c3", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8043-9729-ef46e2c27e5a" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8037-9a36-c2081290cac8", "name": "Inadequate Interventions for Greenhouse Gas Removal", "slug": "inadequate-interventions-for-greenhouse-gas-removal", "description": "We need more effective approaches to removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere to mitigate climate impacts. However, challenges remain in harnessing natural carbon removal systems—due to difficulties in accurately measuring their environmental impact—and in reducing methane emissions from sources like the cow rumen. Innovative strategies, including modifying cow microbiomes and deploying scalable measurement and validation platforms, are essential to advance greenhouse gas removal efforts.\n\nSee also:  https://www.bezosearthfund.org/news-and-insights/bezos-earth-fund-releases-global-roadmap-to-scale-greenhouse-gas-removal-technologies and https://gaps.frontierclimate.com/ ", "field": { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f8-b6e6-d80f648bdd6e", "name": "Geophysics and Climate" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-8092-8b67-de1d9531246d", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8089-a597-c502a63392fd", "1c2cb37e-2a00-806e-85d2-d0591dae93a7", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80ad-bddd-de59a8608c69", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8080-a736-dbb60e9d31f5" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8039-a26b-ea2d3b4f9bd6", "name": "Bioengineering is Still Done Manually", "slug": "bioengineering-is-still-done-manually", "description": "Despite advances in automation, many bioengineering processes remain highly manual, limiting throughput and reproducibility in laboratory settings.", "field": { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80be-b01e-e0fcc67dcf05", "name": "Mechanical Engineering" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80f6-a207-db619471de63", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8047-9af0-c0787f96115e" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-803c-84ea-fa89d39a8929", "name": "Particle Accelerators Are Large and Expensive", "slug": "particle-accelerators-are-large-and-expensive", "description": "Traditional particle accelerators are enormous and costly, limiting experimental flexibility. Compact, benchtop accelerators could democratize high-energy physics and open new avenues in applications such as medical isotope production.", "field": { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c7-8695-d48636945bea", "name": "Physics" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80e6-af8b-c49074411b80" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-803c-a293-e7aa6da74419", "name": "Protein Design Has Been Limited to Static, Bio-mimetic Structures", "slug": "protein-design-has-been-limited-to-static-bio-mimetic-structures", "description": "Protein engineering has largely focused on designing static structures that closely mimic natural proteins. This narrow approach limits the creation of truly novel or highly functional enzymes.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8072-8069-fe4247544341", "name": "Synthetic Biology" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-8082-8e27-ef315ef6c142", "1c1cb37e-2a00-80a2-a2d5-f1cb9572214c", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8085-9370-c37f84819bab", "1c1cb37e-2a00-807b-ab7a-c9a9eddf0a33", "1c1cb37e-2a00-800a-9d14-dc9f4a12e5cd" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8042-a5bd-ff3dc13b3998", "name": "Higher-Resolution Views of the Universe Are Roadblocked by Formation Flying Technology", "slug": "higher-resolution-views-of-the-universe-are-roadblocked-by-formation-flying-technology", "description": "Space telescopes offer vastly superior sensitivity to ground-based systems, but enhancing their resolution requires spacecraft with sub-micron precision. \r\n\nAngular resolution of telescopes is limited by the size of the primary optic. Coherent aperture synthesis (interferometry) gets around this by coherently combining signal from separated telescopes where the resolution is proportional to the baseline separation. This has been very successful in the radio (see Event Horizon Telescope) but in the optical regime requires extremely difficult optomechanics and controls, and the sensitivity on the ground is inherently limited by the coherence time of the atmosphere. \r\n", "field": { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b6-aff1-fb757c640349", "name": "Astrophysics" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-808a-8117-d8d4cf2fdc2d" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8043-bb0a-f10b4d7f65c8", "name": "We Can’t Yet Replicate Animal Olfaction Synthetically as a Sensing and Classification Modality", "slug": "we-cant-yet-replicate-animal-olfaction-synthetically-as-a-sensing-and-classification-modality", "description": "We currently lack a comprehensive model explaining how biological systems decode and classify chemical signals through olfaction. Understanding this process is critical for applications ranging from flavor science to disease diagnostics to understanding and harnessing animal communication.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80ad-b0ba-fe2564508931", "name": "Chemistry" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-80d0-8540-df20b02c0e3e", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8001-9a69-edf60684a8c1" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8044-9b62-ef8af2ed2fa6", "name": "Light Scattering in Living Tissue Prevents Optical Access to Deeper Regions", "slug": "light-scattering-in-living-tissue-prevents-optical-access-to-deeper-regions", "description": "Living tissue exhibits strong light scattering, which hampers deep-tissue imaging and limits resolution. Overcoming this barrier is critical for mapping neural activity and enabling noninvasive diagnostic imaging.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80e1-afda-fcf935b88476", "name": "Biophysics" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-808f-9e59-d5474f0360d2", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8092-b82e-f7c67eeb8b2a" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8044-b547-ddba3202ee63", "name": "Much of the Biosphere Remains Uncharted and Vulnerable to Information Loss", "slug": "much-of-the-biosphere-remains-uncharted-and-vulnerable-to-information-loss", "description": "Much of Earth's biosphere—from the deep ocean to atmospheric bioaerosols—remains unexplored, with the microbial majority largely uncharted. Advancing new exploration technologies and systematically cataloging the Earth's microbiome could unlock discoveries of new life forms and biological insights that could impact health, climate, geoengineering, agriculture, and fundamental biology.", "field": { "id": "1c4cb37e-2a00-80cb-8b3c-e28684425c8b", "name": "Ecology" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80eb-83a5-dd256b4bb042", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8034-a5b8-c53075ab7d76", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ef-81be-ce8d7ff459db", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8086-b204-e2ae9e3f46b5" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8045-ad83-cb1081a2eaf1", "name": "Limited Diagnostic Tools Optimized for Low-Resource Settings", "slug": "limited-diagnostic-tools-optimized-for-low-resource-settings", "description": "Current diagnostic tests are costly or often offer only limited information, failing to reveal the cause of disease and delaying or preventing administration of available treatments. Moreover, early detection systems for emerging pathogens are fragmented, delaying critical public health interventions.", "field": { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-8060-84f0-fdaac2dab6d9", "name": "Global Health" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-8013-82fa-efbd8086d874", "1c3cb37e-2a00-805c-a65f-dcfa630b1b7e", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8056-9873-ea134135ee94" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-804b-8411-ee3977ce38e1", "name": "Lack of Structure Prediction for Highly Dynamic Proteins", "slug": "lack-of-structure-prediction-for-highly-dynamic-proteins", "description": "Current structure prediction tools like AlphaFold excel for stable proteins but struggle with highly dynamic proteins whose structures fluctuate continuously, leaving a gap in our understanding of intrinsically disordered proteins and protein allostery.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80e1-afda-fcf935b88476", "name": "Biophysics" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-8063-87bf-c59f48040713", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8081-bc05-e07c372ba0fe" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-804b-bc6b-de7f4bc3adce", "name": "Inability to Anticipate or Prevent Ecosystem Tipping Points", "slug": "inability-to-anticipate-or-prevent-ecosystem-tipping-points", "description": "We lack the models and infrastructure to monitor and predict how ecosystems behave under stress or when they might collapse, as well as what metrics to use to determine that restoration is effective. We need to understand the underlying dynamics, feedback loops, and thresholds that lead to ecosystem degradation/ collapse, as well as to secure essential systems like pollination.", "field": { "id": "1c4cb37e-2a00-80cb-8b3c-e28684425c8b", "name": "Ecology" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80df-a152-c3a9cb9e0122", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8072-8084-ef21873adfa6", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80ff-a32a-ccdab49abf1f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-804f-bf69-f232177933ce", "name": "Understanding Life as a Far-From-Equilibrium Physical Phenomenon", "slug": "understanding-life-as-a-far-from-equilibrium-physical-phenomenon", "description": "Our ability to analyze organisms holistically as systems which emerge from fundamental physics is limited by our lack of formal frameworks for distinguishing living and nonliving systems which are precise enough to be useful for practical scientific problems", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80e1-afda-fcf935b88476", "name": "Biophysics" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-8099-9364-c076edd8af7e" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8050-bea1-ffeab17c0e7b", "name": "Robot Hardware and Software is Still Clunky", "slug": "robot-hardware-and-software-is-still-clunky", "description": "Robots have the potential to revolutionize manufacturing, logistics, and many other industries—but only if they are both affordable and capable of high performance. Today’s robotic hardware is often prohibitively expensive and built using legacy designs that do not prioritize cost reduction, modularity, or scalability. Moreover, many robots struggle with dexterity and tactile sensing, and current design practices decouple hardware and software, preventing a co-evolution that could unlock new performance regimes. Overcoming these limitations requires a rethinking of both robot morphology and control, with an emphasis on integrated design, cost-effective production, and enhanced functionality.\r\n", "field": { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80be-b01e-e0fcc67dcf05", "name": "Mechanical Engineering" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80e0-91bd-c2d4a563a09f", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80b7-bd46-e8c46c6476f0", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8008-b97e-d82df77ffaca", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8005-a5f5-e96e732da83a", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8078-b591-f7c5100dc41c", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8000-9598-f1314fecc2ff", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8027-99bd-e307904f0f84" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8055-b34e-fe7956440682", "name": "Labor-Replacing AI Could Lead to Human Disempowerment", "slug": "labor-replacing-ai-could-lead-to-human-disempowerment", "description": "As AI systems become the cornerstone of competitive advantage, they can inadvertently marginalize human roles and decision-making. The drive for efficiency and cost reduction may lead organizations to rely predominantly on AI, sidelining human judgment, creativity, and accountability. This dynamic risks creating environments where economic and social inequities widen, and the intrinsic value of human input is systematically undermined (see examples). The gradual disempowerment of individuals under such competitive pressures poses significant challenges for societal well-being and democratic governance. \n\nSee: https://gradual-disempowerment.ai/", "field": { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-80ac-986a-ede079165668", "name": "Social Science" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b6-95ba-e9105ec21743", "1c3cb37e-2a00-806c-a3cf-f293481902b8", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80e3-bfbd-f6722332930c", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8023-b6d2-c5bbb41599d3", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80a3-9617-dc436a21a54a", "1c3cb37e-2a00-803c-aa2a-d32f9b6d74da", "1cccb37e-2a00-80d0-90ce-f08e3adefc9c" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8057-ae20-c47fd74df08d", "name": "Synthetic Biology Platforms Are Over-Reliant on Evolved Cells That We Don’t Fully Understand or Control", "slug": "synthetic-biology-platforms-are-over-reliant-on-evolved-cells-that-we-dont-fully-understand-or-control", "description": "We currently perform synthetic biology using naturally evolved (“kludgy”) cells rather than truly bottom-up engineered cells. This bottleneck limits our ability to design fully customizable biological systems.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80e4-9e6e-ec1d2e30d87f", "name": "Nanoscale Fabrication" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-8038-b86c-ec0adcf9d0d8" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8058-9458-d04c0edfd1b8", "name": "Insufficient Monitoring and Modeling of Climate Processes and Control Paths", "slug": "insufficient-monitoring-and-modeling-of-climate-processes-and-control-paths", "description": "We have limited capacity to predict key disruptive events, such as solar flares that threaten power grids and communications, alongside an incomplete understanding of natural processes (atmospheric, ocean, etc.) that underpin climate models. We need better monitoring tools for characterizing phenomena that impact climate dynamics, such as aerosol-cloud interactions, and assessing potential interventions such as marine cloud brightening. These issues underscore the need for enhanced observational tools and more sophisticated models of climate processes.", "field": { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f8-b6e6-d80f648bdd6e", "name": "Geophysics and Climate" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80bd-8beb-f9e1465f2225", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8089-a597-c502a63392fd", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8068-8f89-edeb057c4367", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8050-8de1-cbcfe62c3020", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8067-8b23-d9f381214260", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80d5-b69b-cf1991caba0a", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8082-bf36-f98b9dd238e4", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80d3-b023-fccdefd31b4c", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8086-b204-e2ae9e3f46b5" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-805f-8b53-dd343406ab07", "name": "Limited Microbial Hosts/Chassis Organisms", "slug": "limited-microbial-hostschassis-organisms", "description": "Scientists are constrained to a small number of microbial hosts for bioproduction, limiting the diversity and efficiency of engineered biological systems. Expanding the repertoire of microbial hosts could unlock novel biochemical pathways, enabling the production of a wider array of biomolecules and improving the efficiency of biosynthetic processes. It is important to address any biosafety and biosecurity risks associated with developing such technologies.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8072-8069-fe4247544341", "name": "Synthetic Biology" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1f0cb37e-2a00-8067-b51a-d86a4e3393b9" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8063-9b9f-f3c2aa784e50", "name": "Doing and publishing research is expensive and subject to structural roadblocks", "slug": "doing-and-publishing-research-is-expensive-and-subject-to-structural-roadblocks", "description": "Traditional structures dominate in how research is conducted and how its outputs are disseminated. Expensive publishing practices restrict and slow the spread of knowledge. We should replace outdated publishing practices and complement research practices with new approaches that leverage frugal innovation, community-led platforms, and open access. We imagine a future where scientific discovery is more inclusive and dynamic.", "field": { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-806b-a9e9-fbec288c4ed2", "name": "Metascience" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-80ba-9a56-e74ba0d95dfb", "1c7cb37e-2a00-803b-b89f-c5094b5dfd83", "1c7cb37e-2a00-803a-a33e-d146c8783c98", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8048-96c1-e7cb85103c80" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8066-824e-d4ec0d434c3d", "name": "Robust and Compact Plasma Confinement for Fusion is Still Not Solved", "slug": "robust-and-compact-plasma-confinement-for-fusion-is-still-not-solved", "description": "Stable plasma confinement is a major obstacle in achieving practical fusion energy. Advanced control systems and novel confinement techniques are needed.", "field": { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c7-8695-d48636945bea", "name": "Physics" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-8066-89a7-c8aba5d79014", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80b9-929b-d8e2eec3099a" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8069-8477-e0e62e56db05", "name": "We Don’t Have Easy Programmable Synthesis of Bio Polymers Other Than Nucleic Acids\n", "slug": "we-dont-have-easy-programmable-synthesis-of-bio-polymers-other-than-nucleic-acids", "description": "While long-chain nucleic acid synthesis is advancing rapidly, the programmable synthesis of other polymers remains underdeveloped, limiting our capacity to design and produce diverse synthetic polymers.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80ad-b0ba-fe2564508931", "name": "Chemistry" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-80ab-8962-fd3b0b579e8f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8072-976d-fb7598c7401e", "name": "Major Planetary Science and Astrobiology Missions Are Not Realized by Existing Government Space Agencies", "slug": "major-planetary-science-and-astrobiology-missions-are-not-realized-by-existing-government-space-agencies", "description": "Some of the most important planetary science and astrobiology missions remain unrealized by traditional government agencies like NASA. Alternative, independent initiatives are needed to explore these high-priority scientific questions.", "field": { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b6-aff1-fb757c640349", "name": "Astrophysics" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80da-903f-fb877a408b45" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8072-a36f-f7ea8adace81", "name": "AI is Still Narrow in its Reasoning and Planning", "slug": "ai-is-still-narrow-in-its-reasoning-and-planning", "description": "Current AI systems exhibit narrow reasoning and planning capabilities compared to human cognition. Broadening AI training methods to include holistic, brain-inspired architectures and cognitive frameworks can advance general intelligence (flagging that there is an AI safety risk here).", "field": { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-803b-ba20-f4c68cf9d0ab", "name": "Computation" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-8095-8480-ccb23b3fc612", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8039-bd56-dd7149a858b2", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8031-813c-ee8051dce625", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8076-b14c-f53f763fe525", "1f0cb37e-2a00-80d0-8192-fa2f0e3f43ae" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-807e-b924-fe555253617a", "name": "Inability to Program Complex Organisms and Developmental Pathways", "slug": "inability-to-program-complex-organisms-and-developmental-pathways", "description": "Current genetic tools primarily enable modification of simple organisms. Programming more complex organisms and orchestrating entire developmental pathways remains a major challenge.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8072-8069-fe4247544341", "name": "Synthetic Biology" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-805a-a009-e07d5b06675b", "1c1cb37e-2a00-80d1-9d3f-fed0fd7943d2", "1c1cb37e-2a00-80eb-a77e-cab539293187" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8084-a877-c83d9b9c3ece", "name": "Risks of Malicious Bioengineering", "slug": "risks-of-malicious-bioengineering", "description": "Advances in synthetic biology have unlocked unprecedented innovations, but also raise concerns about the potential for harmful bioengineering. Preventing misuse requires robust screening and control measures around DNA synthesis. Implementation must be coordinated and universal to effectively minimize the risk of malicious actors.", "field": { "id": "1c4cb37e-2a00-8052-8884-fe94bcb4d564", "name": "Biosecurity" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80cd-8236-fc854c493289", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8031-93a9-f1fa9f84e0a0", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c2-b5c6-c2ef9f128a0c" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8085-bd56-cdf566ac7e42", "name": "Lack of a Dedicated Field for Planetary Terraforming", "slug": "lack-of-a-dedicated-field-for-planetary-terraforming", "description": "There is currently no established field for systematically studying and applying planetary terraforming methods, leaving key challenges in transport, energy supply, and civil engineering largely unaddressed.", "field": { "id": "1c4cb37e-2a00-8000-9b59-d75e163b4e8c", "name": "Space Engineering" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8024-94cd-eb132988955f", "1c3cb37e-2a00-808c-8ef2-eee8df4ec9e5" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8086-9443-f719d9caef36", "name": "We Can’t Safely and Controllably Deliver Complex Molecular Payloads to the Targets We Want in the Body", "slug": "we-cant-safely-and-controllably-deliver-complex-molecular-payloads-to-the-targets-we-want-in-the-body", "description": "Current in-vivo delivery systems (viral vectors, nanoparticles, microchips) face challenges such as off-target accumulation and inefficiency, particularly in delivering therapies to the brain. Novel delivery approaches are needed to improve targeting and performance.", "field": { "id": "1c0cb37e-2a00-8098-aa05-edbd8838763d", "name": "Physiology and Medicine" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-8062-9340-fb9a8e8324ee", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8059-a445-fd11c443fd95", "1c8cb37e-2a00-805d-ac85-d2e3598dda45", "1c8cb37e-2a00-805d-a86f-dccdda6d37a3", "1c8cb37e-2a00-801f-87d2-fe4cc430af32" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8089-a828-f143cf6f5c86", "name": "Under-Provisioning of Antibiotics, Vaccines and Other Interventions for Major Global Health Challenges", "slug": "under-provisioning-of-antibiotics-vaccines-and-other-interventions-for-major-global-health-challenges", "description": "Many of the world’s most deadly diseases—such as tuberculosis, Group A Streptococcus, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and syphilis—lack effective vaccines or cures. Additionally, the pace of developing effective, low-cost, therapeutics for emerging pathogens in low resource settings is too slow to meet global health needs. Malnutrition exacerbates susceptibility to disease and impedes recovery; food security is important especially for early child development. Understanding the basic science of malnutrition during development is important for the development of more effective interventions.", "field": { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-8060-84f0-fdaac2dab6d9", "name": "Global Health" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-809f-b187-c169c5c789f9", "1c7cb37e-2a00-80a2-8933-dedaa4b8a3da", "1c7cb37e-2a00-80ef-9bc7-c3b83e978b6c" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-808d-9e6c-d7c767eee358", "name": "Live Cell Imaging at Deep Nanoscale Resolution is Destructive", "slug": "live-cell-imaging-at-deep-nanoscale-resolution-is-destructive", "description": "Techniques that achieve deep nanoscale resolution in live cell imaging often destroy the sample, limiting the ability to conduct longitudinal studies on the same specimen.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80e1-afda-fcf935b88476", "name": "Biophysics" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-804a-b3a1-c7d6e61ba942", "1c1cb37e-2a00-80af-b662-db8edddc1ae0" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-808e-bcac-eb5bcdc8f23c", "name": "Biological Life is Our Only Working Example of Complex Evolved Computation", "slug": "biological-life-is-our-only-working-example-of-complex-evolved-computation", "description": "Biological systems are the sole example we have of complex, evolved computation. Replicating this level of complexity in digital systems could unlock entirely new computational paradigms.", "field": { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-803b-ba20-f4c68cf9d0ab", "name": "Computation" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-802a-9420-c1f9887b4301" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8097-9eca-e48345e90acc", "name": "Education Modalities Suffer From Scaling Limitations", "slug": "education-modalities-suffer-from-scaling-limitations", "description": "Current education systems face structural inefficiencies such as excessive administrative workloads on educators, overcrowded classrooms, and inequitable resource distribution. Innovative technologies have the potential to significantly reduce these burdens by providing tools that assist teachers with scheduling, grading, and creating personalized, adaptive lesson plans. Digital platforms could dynamically tailor learning experiences to individual student progress, complementing classroom teaching. Additionally, technology-driven improvements in administrative efficiency could free valuable resources, enhancing educational equity and overall student experiences.\n\n“US K-12 teachers are 30% more likely to face burnout than U.S. soldiers, whose lives are defined by relentless duty, perpetual war and low wages.” - Adrienne Williams \n\n“Given recent improvements in the quality, affordability, and usability of technologies like AI, computer vision, and AR/VR, we can reimagine a more personalized, research-driven K-12 experience—one better able to meet diverse learning needs and set students up for success both in school and in life. From chatbots for individual coaching to immersive mixed reality solutions to adaptive technologies supporting culturally responsive pedagogy, we have an opportunity to leverage new technologies to tackle pressing needs across literacy education, STEM instruction, and preparing students for the workforce.” - Kumar Garg ", "field": { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-80ac-986a-ede079165668", "name": "Social Science" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c4-992a-d9b1e7e9748d", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80de-9d21-f9456cf622c4", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80da-83db-c653aed8ea20" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8099-b97a-ce85f02ab5a5", "name": "Lack of Direct Measurement of Quantum Effects in Biological Systems", "slug": "lack-of-direct-measurement-of-quantum-effects-in-biological-systems", "description": "Despite theoretical predictions, quantum effects in biological systems remain largely unmeasured. Direct experimental evidence is needed to explore how quantum phenomena influence biomolecular interactions.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80e1-afda-fcf935b88476", "name": "Biophysics" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-8063-aa4b-fd082be08bff" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-809a-a069-c93e72813eb6", "name": "Current Chip Fabrication Methods are Extremely Expensive and Hard to Change", "slug": "current-chip-fabrication-methods-are-extremely-expensive-and-hard-to-change", "description": "Modern chip fabs are enormous, multi-billion-dollar facilities with limited versatility in what they can produce. This bottleneck restricts the ability to create assemblies with diverse molecular components on a small scale.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80e4-9e6e-ec1d2e30d87f", "name": "Nanoscale Fabrication" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80f6-98f0-eb07caafe9b7", "1c2cb37e-2a00-802f-8eac-c62f94af69c3", "1c2cb37e-2a00-808f-ad46-e2a8407062c1", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8083-bb51-e286cbd1c06b", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80e5-8b02-c75fdf251d66", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80e1-97d4-e0a987ddea8b" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-809e-8e26-e1c9f14f5143", "name": "Many Molecules Can’t Easily Be Crystallized", "slug": "many-molecules-cant-easily-be-crystallized", "description": "Crystallization is crucial for determining molecular structure, yet many molecules resist forming crystals. Improved computational models of crystal growth are needed to guide experimental efforts.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8018-9437-eaafd782ddbb", "name": "Materials Science" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80d2-9452-e0c2e86eb31f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80a7-86dd-d2672b519acf", "name": "Designing Manufacturing Systems is Hard", "slug": "designing-manufacturing-systems-is-hard", "description": "Modern manufacturing system design remains complex, with traditional methods relying on outdated processes. AI-based design approaches have the potential to reimagine these systems without relying on the legacy of humanoid robots.", "field": { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80be-b01e-e0fcc67dcf05", "name": "Mechanical Engineering" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-8045-bcb1-e3ba89e6e21d" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80a7-ad9a-c209405e462d", "name": "AI Could Go Rogue", "slug": "ai-could-go-rogue", "description": "The potential for AI systems to behave unpredictably or dangerously (“go rogue”) is a critical concern. Ensuring safe and controllable AI architectures is essential for reliable operation. \n\nSee also: \n• https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/fAW6RXLKTLHC3WXkS/shallow-review-of-technical-ai-safety-2024\n• https://deepmind.google/discover/blog/taking-a-responsible-path-to-agi/", "field": { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-803b-ba20-f4c68cf9d0ab", "name": "Computation" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80dc-ba94-eca26e0d568a", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8014-a3c5-e93d5674bf09", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8036-895f-f2b612bcc2d9", "1c2cb37e-2a00-808b-bcce-d83a3801b683", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80af-a74e-e6a053db7a32", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8038-ac41-da6272887452", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8074-b15a-dfa64892aeeb", "1f0cb37e-2a00-80ef-9202-fda6711ee9f5" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80ac-842e-e5f6ea4906cb", "name": "Our Measurements and Tests Aren’t Revealing What Is Actually Causing Many Diseases", "slug": "our-measurements-and-tests-arent-revealing-what-is-actually-causing-many-diseases", "description": "Our understanding of human physiology and disease remains incomplete. In the last century, we have developed cures for many diseases with well-defined root causes (polio, smallbox, cholera, SMA, cervical cancer, etc.). However, a wide array of conditions still eludes cures and treatments. We have yet to fully decipher the dynamic interplay between brain and peripheral systems, the bioenergetic processes underlying chronic conditions, and the multifactorial pathways that drive aging. The biological mechanisms driving complex diseases and the aging process are multifactorial, involving multiple interacting pathways. \n\nAlthough we understand some individual aging mechanisms, we do not yet have line of sight to comprehensively rejuvenating mammals or extending lifespan. To overcome these challenges, we need combinatorial approaches that can modulate multiple mechanisms simultaneously, allowing us to measure multi-system impacts and develop effective interventions.", "field": { "id": "1c0cb37e-2a00-8098-aa05-edbd8838763d", "name": "Physiology and Medicine" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-80f3-a615-de70d7aa1e22", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8075-b9fd-e4e70d8882d8", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80a9-9338-e41e0b54230e", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8073-8eb1-eeb020a12336", "1c8cb37e-2a00-800f-9695-c0558dc96e19", "1c8cb37e-2a00-807b-b5e3-ddbd1ab17bec", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8031-adbc-d93ca42a77e3", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80ca-94d3-e1c71507787b", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8091-aac6-ee716164c482", "1c8cb37e-2a00-801d-af58-da384dc30288" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80ad-a913-d3a908406535", "name": "Inadequate Imaging of Material Structures", "slug": "inadequate-imaging-of-material-structures", "description": "Many materials’ internal structures are difficult to image with current technologies, limiting our understanding of their properties at the nanoscale.", "field": { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c7-8695-d48636945bea", "name": "Physics" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-8074-901a-db2673b0bad3" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80b3-aab7-d6e108c54123", "name": "Our Compute Stack is Insecure but Fundamentally Doesn’t Have To Be", "slug": "our-compute-stack-is-insecure-but-fundamentally-doesnt-have-to-be", "description": "Insecure software can lead to vulnerabilities that undermine the reliability and safety of computational systems. Formal methods and rigorous verification are needed to synthesize secure software.", "field": { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-803b-ba20-f4c68cf9d0ab", "name": "Computation" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80fa-bc8b-e009571ab054" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80b4-a5fa-cd97b7b1bed6", "name": "We Have a Limited Ability to Acquire, Concentrate and Substitute Chemical Elements in Processes", "slug": "we-have-a-limited-ability-to-acquire-concentrate-and-substitute-chemical-elements-in-processes", "description": "The cost of materials is often dominated by the cost to obtain their constituent elements. What presents commercially as the “critical minerals problem” masks a larger scientific bottleneck on how we acquire, concentrate, and substitute chemical elements.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8018-9437-eaafd782ddbb", "name": "Materials Science" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-8060-ad08-d56f1148c660", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80bd-9452-d7bced369af6", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8062-901b-f19fc4788be7" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80b5-8594-d53ea33db290", "name": "Fragile Supply Chains and Lack of Backup for Critical Infrastructure", "slug": "fragile-supply-chains-and-lack-of-backup-for-critical-infrastructure", "description": "Many critical supply chains and infrastructure systems are fragile and lack robust backup mechanisms, leaving society vulnerable.", "field": { "id": "1c4cb37e-2a00-8052-8884-fe94bcb4d564", "name": "Biosecurity" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80d4-b84d-d16c67dced35", "1c3cb37e-2a00-802e-9833-ee4a4f6ef10b" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80b5-8cf4-c8195273fa45", "name": "A Limited Set of Rigid Organizational Structures for Organizing and Funding Research Constrains the Forms of R&D That Get Done", "slug": "a-limited-set-of-rigid-organizational-structures-for-organizing-and-funding-research-constrains-the-forms-of-rd-that-get-done", "description": "This is more of a meta-bottleneck. 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Key deficiencies include the lack of cost-effective antimicrobial materials to block pathogen transmission, underdeveloped intervention models for effective public health strategies, and outdated sanitation solutions that fail to meet the needs of vulnerable populations.", "field": { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-8060-84f0-fdaac2dab6d9", "name": "Global Health" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-803b-9766-c484a72e1d85", "1c3cb37e-2a00-804f-90d5-fd6cefb1bd42", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80fa-b511-e48564667c48", "1c7cb37e-2a00-801a-bec0-d048c8d745af", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ee-a5be-fe6e7252ca2a", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f7-97b9-d80fafddabfd", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8056-a4df-f9f5c21235c5", "1c7cb37e-2a00-80f6-a55e-e559745cf6de" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80c2-a1bb-c735bf51fdd9", "name": "Underdevelopment of Deep Tooling for Economic Modeling and Future Forecasting", "slug": "underdevelopment-of-deep-tooling-for-economic-modeling-and-future-forecasting", "description": "Current economic models are often too simplistic to capture the intricate dynamics of our global economy, limiting effective policy-making and forecasting. Experimentation with innovative economic models—such as those incorporating universal basic income or alternative market systems—is rare, leaving us unprepared for emerging trends. The inherent complexity of global systems further complicates accurate forecasting, underscoring the urgent need for more sophisticated, adaptive tools that can better predict and navigate the economic landscape of tomorrow.", "field": { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-80ac-986a-ede079165668", "name": "Social Science" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8023-a74b-d0f38b2b559e", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80bf-af77-e2b1e8c8c2e0", "1c3cb37e-2a00-806e-ad6e-cab9270d32f9", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ec-b33e-f94f3ae319c0" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80c4-b958-d7161b660b3e", "name": "Designing Buildings is Hard", "slug": "designing-buildings-is-hard", "description": "Architectural design and construction planning are complex and labor-intensive. 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And yet…new materials-enabled human capabilities have been rare in the past 50 years.” The core challenge lies in our inability to reliably design and manufacture materials that meet specific engineering requirements–and to do so at an industrial scale and reasonable cost. \n\nIdentifying promising new materials is hampered by the slow pace of exploration. The integration of machine learning, physics-based property prediction, and self-driving laboratories could dramatically accelerate this process. A significant opportunity lies in modeling the vast, unexplored space of potential materials in silico.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8018-9437-eaafd782ddbb", "name": "Materials Science" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-8040-a2d0-dc1a77a1282c", "1c2cb37e-2a00-809b-8afb-c1baea4e399a", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80fa-b355-c60a4435c377", "1f0cb37e-2a00-807f-ba7a-f6e827399665" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80cd-9ae4-ee6fa18c02ed", "name": "Poor Scalability of Bioreactors Limits Biomanufacturing", "slug": "poor-scalability-of-bioreactors-limits-biomanufacturing", "description": "Current bioreactor designs are inefficient when scaling up production processes, limiting the ability to produce bioproducts at industrial scales.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8072-8069-fe4247544341", "name": "Synthetic Biology" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-809a-bb03-e09175225115", "1c1cb37e-2a00-80e6-beab-cd8b014b0e22" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80cd-aef2-fe6e9d360328", "name": "Some Proteins Are Still Recalcitrant to Experimental Structure Analysis", "slug": "some-proteins-are-still-recalcitrant-to-experimental-structure-analysis", "description": "Membrane proteins are notoriously difficult to analyze experimentally and to incorporate into technological applications due to their inherent insolubility in aqueous environments. Their recalcitrance limits our capacity to study their structure and function in detail. Other challenges include the difficulty of studying small proteins with cryo-EM.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80e1-afda-fcf935b88476", "name": "Biophysics" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-802d-b9de-d07b4dfd9970", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8056-bab4-eec1398a6048" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80ce-ba28-fe5226876f66", "name": "Intervening in Earth Systems at Scale is Largely Untested", "slug": "intervening-in-earth-systems-at-scale-is-largely-untested", "description": "There are currently no direct interventions to address climate tipping points such as glacier melt, leaving some critical processes unmitigated. The fundamental science and engineering principles behind emergency climate interventions remain largely untested at relevant scales, limiting our preparedness for rapid climate change.\n\nSee: https://www.outlierprojects.org/", "field": { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f8-b6e6-d80f648bdd6e", "name": "Geophysics and Climate" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-8007-b08b-d682fc365833", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80fb-a999-c3565dccfc13", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80b9-82cc-c2e7affad1b0", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80e7-be9f-fd49fdd8cf7a", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8080-a736-dbb60e9d31f5", "1c8cb37e-2a00-807a-8c8a-f352bb0eaba5", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80cc-8cbd-d7f587ecea40", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80cb-9d04-eb04f661a70d" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80d4-944d-f9dd2104cc6e", "name": "Inability to Perform Chemistry with Direct Positional Control", "slug": "inability-to-perform-chemistry-with-direct-positional-control", "description": "Our current methods do not allow precise control over the positional placement of atoms or groups during chemical synthesis, limiting our ability to build molecules with atomic precision. A general-purpose approach to atomically precise fabrication was envisioned by Drexler in the 1980s and Feynman in the late 1950s. DNA origami made a leap in 2006, but DNA is in some key ways a much less precise and versatile nanoscale building material than proteins/peptides. A promising path would extend “DNA origami” to “protein carpentry” by adapting Beta Solenoid proteins, or other modular protein components with programmable binding properties, as lego-like building blocks and then using the latter to construct massively parallel protein-based 3D printers for lego-like covalent assembly of a restricted set of chemical building blocks. This one is riskier: how programmably can we really control protein assembly, and could we bootstrap from initial crappy prototype protein-carpentry-and-or-DNA-origami-based molecular 3D printers to genuinely useful ones? ", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80e4-9e6e-ec1d2e30d87f", "name": "Nanoscale Fabrication" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-8029-82a2-ff0e872388dc", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8086-aa50-cf6d74a26b7e", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8043-a0a8-ed6dec92fbca", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8050-b4e3-c5ccf7cfa171", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8042-acea-fe39a87e2605", "1c1cb37e-2a00-80b8-a789-e201a5975aad" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80df-ae9c-cc561c437a83", "name": "Clinical Trials Are Poorly Optimized for Evidence Gathering", "slug": "clinical-trials-are-poorly-optimized-for-evidence-gathering", "description": "Current clinical trial designs are not sufficiently optimized for gathering robust evidence, leading to inefficiencies and suboptimal outcomes.", "field": { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-806b-a9e9-fbec288c4ed2", "name": "Metascience" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-8061-a74c-f427a8541c44", "1c7cb37e-2a00-809e-8052-f9515d089115", "1c7cb37e-2a00-801b-b0df-db9928460a72", "1c7cb37e-2a00-805d-8fcc-e75f3d0c3201", "1f0cb37e-2a00-80db-940f-de96a93d37f6" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80e2-a028-ebaa685df3da", "name": "Limited Tools for Improving Individual, Social and Societal Epistemics in the Face of Misinformation ", "slug": "limited-tools-for-improving-individual-social-and-societal-epistemics-in-the-face-of-misinformation", "description": "In an era of relentless information overload and pervasive misinformation—fueled by algorithms that prioritize fleeting engagement over meaningful value—we have the opportunity to reshape our digital spaces. By leveraging AI and more intentional design of social media spaces for epistemic improvement, we can empower users to curate, evaluate, and contextualize content more effectively to create a healthier digital world.", "field": { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-80ac-986a-ede079165668", "name": "Social Science" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-803f-b732-c20815089b6b", "1c3cb37e-2a00-805b-823e-e81416816f79", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8045-9957-ed3956e3dd70", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ed-a19e-d545fb316961", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c0-86ba-fd683a74a625", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8089-9a06-f03ed07b6cf3", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8087-9222-cb8fb1dbc758", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f5-b71c-f54a5fb5504a", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80df-a75c-eb2a4f073153", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8048-99ed-d6c0bc89d890", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80bd-abd8-c924eccbff2f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80e6-a011-db27cb962cd8", "name": "Translational Gaps in Development Economics", "slug": "translational-gaps-in-development-economics", "description": "There exists a disconnect between academic research and the practical implementation of development economics, hampering the conversion of theoretical insights into effective real-world interventions. Current mechanisms for delivering public goods and fostering collective cooperation are inefficient, limiting our capacity to coordinate resources and drive meaningful change. Innovative approaches are needed to bridge this gap, ensuring that cutting-edge economic theories can be transformed into actionable policies and scalable interventions that truly improve development outcomes.", "field": { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-80ac-986a-ede079165668", "name": "Social Science" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f7-b6e9-e06114fdf9e6", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8062-819f-d3e6f4453f9e", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8054-8535-ff41613f656c", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8020-9022-fbf332f10d35", "1c3cb37e-2a00-808f-9622-e31df00ada7b", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8056-8855-f053debb8e30" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80ea-93f0-c8ed8e7f2155", "name": "We Can Learn More from Nature’s Biological Designs", "slug": "we-can-learn-more-from-natures-biological-designs", "description": "Nature’s blueprints span from the unseen nanoworld to the enigmatic origins of life. Despite the incredible diversity of nanostructures, many remain hidden due to current imaging limitations. Likewise, the mysteries of animal communication—crucial for decoding behavioral cues and social structures—await breakthrough insights. Moreover, the primordial conditions of our planet, essential for understanding life’s genesis, are obscured by the absence of rocks from before 4.1 Ga and fossils before 3.5 Ga (although life almost certainly established itself on our planet before that). Addressing these challenges can unlock new understandings in biology, ecology, and more.", "field": { "id": "1c4cb37e-2a00-80cb-8b3c-e28684425c8b", "name": "Ecology" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8006-bdb3-ec0051f89b70", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8007-9ae2-c88136304ae8", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8058-bbdf-f1aa464a199e", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80a8-81d1-f9356323833d", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80a5-83fa-e62903176489", "1c3cb37e-2a00-808b-9c70-e34a843a8bcf" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80ed-8131-ede48bd0d654", "name": "Silicon Compute is Massively Energy Intensive Compared to Biological Brains", "slug": "silicon-compute-is-massively-energy-intensive-compared-to-biological-brains", "description": "Modern deep learning and general computation demand enormous energy, limiting scalability and sustainability. Addressing energy efficiency is critical for the next generation of computing platforms, though it also supports potential proliferation of advanced AI and should be advanced alongside AI safety and governance considerations.", "field": { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-803b-ba20-f4c68cf9d0ab", "name": "Computation" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80c4-b7fa-fd22d4e73b7a", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8098-9702-c91a8180fbcf", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80ae-9f20-ffb59fd13825", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80a8-b5aa-caaad648d2d7", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8041-b5eb-c43fda8642aa", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8033-b4c2-e928ef582b51", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8004-92d5-e1eea5e05513", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8056-9a63-d5a196b591c1", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80f7-9469-fe53fb428ee5", "1c2cb37e-2a00-801f-bf91-fb2cfe757da1", "1f0cb37e-2a00-8031-8696-d662eb107ba5" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80ed-8762-c51aee94a680", "name": "Limited Detection of Gravitational Waves Across the Frequency Spectrum", "slug": "limited-detection-of-gravitational-waves-across-the-frequency-spectrum", "description": "Detecting gravitational waves allows us to observe cosmic events like black hole mergers and neutron star collisions that are invisible through traditional telescopes. Current gravitational wave detectors are primarily sensitive to audio-band signals. Some phenomena, including speculative ones such as high-frequency emissions from advanced propulsion systems, might only be detectable with novel approaches.", "field": { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b6-aff1-fb757c640349", "name": "Astrophysics" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-801a-9fce-de57e79bf6b3", "1c2cb37e-2a00-802d-8b6f-ebd6dd675f08", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80f6-8ca0-fac461706d54" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80ed-a10f-e4099f056390", "name": "We Lack Basic Capabilities that Are Necessary for Travel Far Beyond Earth", "slug": "we-lack-basic-capabilities-that-are-necessary-for-travel-far-beyond-earth", "description": "We lack the many technologies to support exploration and survival off earth. Our exploration efforts remain confined to our solar system, limiting our potential to explore beyond and understand the broader cosmos.", "field": { "id": "1c4cb37e-2a00-8000-9b59-d75e163b4e8c", "name": "Space Engineering" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8063-8590-dfcf7456e758", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8058-9ccb-c6a8ec7fbf72", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b1-9ac6-f1b8237d9521", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80d9-9aaa-fadc0ce5db08" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80f5-b3d1-d19cab7aeec3", "name": "Limited Ability to Design and Scalably Synthesize Macroscale Materials", "slug": "limited-ability-to-design-and-scalably-synthesize-macroscale-materials", "description": "While many promising materials have been discovered in the lab, current synthesis methods are often too expensive to produce these materials in sufficient quantities. Some examples of novel materials that would be highly enabling include: \n\n• Low activation, thermally conductive materials that are resistant to radiation damage are needed to enable fusion reactors (the first wall material is currently a limitation), spacecraft, etc.\n• Materials that emit at the transparency window of the atmosphere (that were easy to apply like paint) to drastically diminish solar earth heating (example)\n• Hyper-efficient thermoelectrics that could directly turn heat into electricity. \n• Materials that autonomously heal to improve our infrastructure and prevent system failures due to material defects.\n• Materials that have the insulating properties and high melting points of ceramics but the formability and ductility of metals for jet engines and atmospheric reentry vehicles.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8018-9437-eaafd782ddbb", "name": "Materials Science" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80a5-8f6c-d94fb6d29f51", "1c2cb37e-2a00-805c-bb14-d715232049dc", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8015-b5c6-f9de263ac76b" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80f9-8c4d-fa70c0da8ada", "name": "Limited Understanding of the Chemical Reaction Space", "slug": "limited-understanding-of-the-chemical-reaction-space", "description": "Our overall knowledge of the chemical reaction space, including the catalysts that drive these reactions, is still rudimentary. We also lack detailed the large materials synthesis and processing datasets needed to enable highly predictive models.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80ad-b0ba-fe2564508931", "name": "Chemistry" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-805e-ad84-fa38834e0d21", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80d4-8f78-ec0d82bca65a", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8049-8754-e7df26db4bbc" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80fa-9903-df046affff97", "name": "Inadequate Emergency Climate Interventions and Response", "slug": "inadequate-emergency-climate-interventions-and-response", "description": "There is a critical need for more precise, rapid, and localized climate intervention strategies. Current approaches lack the fine-grained models and rapid response mechanisms required to adapt to diverse climate impacts, such as heatwaves, which demand swift and effective action. The ability to control local weather phenomena—including cloud formation and hurricanes—could help mitigate climate risks.", "field": { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f8-b6e6-d80f648bdd6e", "name": "Geophysics and Climate" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80fd-a2db-ff18db8be27a", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80bd-8beb-f9e1465f2225", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8068-8f89-edeb057c4367", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8050-8de1-cbcfe62c3020", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8067-8b23-d9f381214260", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80d5-b69b-cf1991caba0a", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8082-bf36-f98b9dd238e4", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80d3-b023-fccdefd31b4c", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8068-9fed-df83fafa97c1", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8051-af8d-cd113b3f827c", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8090-8bab-c3e792a185f2", "1cfcb37e-2a00-80c8-9a7d-deb9ed5cef96", "1cfcb37e-2a00-80a2-a53c-f8602d0a4f8c" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80fb-9659-f73deeec29c5", "name": "Inability to Image Materials Atom by Atom", "slug": "inability-to-image-materials-atom-by-atom", "description": "Many current imaging techniques lack the resolution to image materials on an atomic scale, limiting our understanding of material properties at the most fundamental level.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80ad-b0ba-fe2564508931", "name": "Chemistry" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-805b-a538-ea600b3838c4", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8047-a449-d52fa641cfa1", "1c1cb37e-2a00-80af-9096-c2035d27e930" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80fb-9bbd-cbbe06f1776e", "name": "In-Silico Molecular Simulation Is Slow and Kludgy", "slug": "in-silico-molecular-simulation-is-slow-and-kludgy", "description": "In-silico molecular simulation has not received the necessary push, despite the promise of machine learning-based surrogate models. Moreover, advancements in quantum chemistry—both AI accelerated and quantum/ASIC-enabled—remain underexploited.", "field": { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80ad-b0ba-fe2564508931", "name": "Chemistry" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-8092-9680-ead8a5b3ce64", "1c1cb37e-2a00-802f-b0e3-f52a0e70218a", "1c1cb37e-2a00-80d2-a150-f1cae464aab5", "1c1cb37e-2a00-80c8-bdee-d5550911fdf8", "1c1cb37e-2a00-80d5-9692-eae26b80e333", "1c1cb37e-2a00-802e-90c9-dbf91f2f6746", "1c1cb37e-2a00-80bb-811b-c75611b77bba", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8055-adeb-f33cf28d09e7" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80fd-87e6-c92b83132c48", "name": "Limited Longitudinal Data in Humans", "slug": "limited-longitudinal-data-in-humans", "description": "A comprehensive understanding of human health over time is hindered by the lack of longitudinal data from cohorts that are diverse and globally representative. Such datasets are essential to track developmental, nutritional, and environmental influences on long-term health outcomes.", "field": { "id": "1c0cb37e-2a00-8098-aa05-edbd8838763d", "name": "Physiology and Medicine" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8071-a638-cbb3eccff38c", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8018-9b59-e5623edbdd0a", "1c1cb37e-2a00-80d5-a586-df58692bd270", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8006-b1bf-dc940ba4bc84", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80dd-a39a-e71bc705d42a" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80fd-a046-f81466f201e7", "name": "Inadequate Models of Human Physiology", "slug": "inadequate-models-of-human-physiology", "description": "Current preclinical models of human physiology, including animals and organoids, do not fully capture the complexity of human physiology, limiting the predicting power of preclinical experiments and explaining, in part, the costly failures of drug development in clinical trials. This is especially true for complex disorders including those of aging, neurological disorders, and female reproductive biology. More systematic and representative models—including ex vivo human organ systems or even whole bodies and novel animal species—are needed to improve the predictive power of biomedical research. These technologies also have applications in addressing organ shortages, improving neonatal care, and other unmet medical needs.", "field": { "id": "1c0cb37e-2a00-8098-aa05-edbd8838763d", "name": "Physiology and Medicine" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-80b2-ac6c-e4151b58e835", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8058-9990-c236f77a985c", "1c1cb37e-2a00-800a-a7de-f1e61729b3ef", "1c1cb37e-2a00-80a9-b398-e93dcf51775e", "1c1cb37e-2a00-80b2-b6aa-dfc3b8210092", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8003-8656-e203281a11a5", "1c1cb37e-2a00-8093-9040-d4f7948c446e" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80fe-9540-c14ef07e4d85", "name": "Outdated and Fragmented Recycling, Cleanup and Bioremediation Systems", "slug": "outdated-and-fragmented-recycling-cleanup-and-bioremediation-systems", "description": "We need to improve our management of natural systems. The world's oceans suffer from extensive pollution, undermining marine ecosystems and disrupting global climate processes. Inefficient wildfire management is a prime example of problematic management of natural fire cycles.", "field": { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f8-b6e6-d80f648bdd6e", "name": "Geophysics and Climate" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-8011-855f-cda13bd4d846", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80f4-a338-db68225eba34" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80ff-986f-d66a6d646d7d", "name": "Insufficient Integrated Earth Climate Models", "slug": "insufficient-integrated-earth-climate-models", "description": "Current models struggle to accurately predict climate tipping points due to the intricate interplay of diverse climatic factors, hindering proactive intervention efforts. Additionally, designing optimal climate control strategies is challenging because of the nonlinear and multifaceted interactions among economic, technological, and social factors.", "field": { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f8-b6e6-d80f648bdd6e", "name": "Geophysics and Climate" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-804b-87d4-e3aa9f80b675", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8051-a4a1-d8976472caf4", "1c2cb37e-2a00-801e-92a0-cab2f0d40c0e" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1f0cb37e-2a00-803f-80fe-cb4166e4f94b", "name": "Artisanal Nature of Experimental Physics Platforms", "slug": "artisanal-nature-of-experimental-physics-platforms", "description": "There is a lack of open and repeatable tooling to spread experimental physics into new areas, e.g., can ultracold atoms be more readily leveraged by people outside a small set of quantum physics labs to pave the way for more applied uses?", "field": { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c7-8695-d48636945bea", "name": "Physics" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1f0cb37e-2a00-80b3-8818-f60e6fd1a9d2" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1fccb37e-2a00-8071-859f-f25fac2df35c", "name": "Silicon-Based Electronics Face Fundamental Limits in Dimensional Scaling", "slug": "silicon-based-electronics-face-fundamental-limits-in-dimensional-scaling", "description": "For over five decades, silicon-based CMOS technology has driven unprecedented progress in computing and information technology through dimensional scaling following Moore's Law. This miniaturization has led to exponential increases in transistor density, performance, and energy efficiency. However, as transistor channel dimensions shrink below a few nanometers, silicon and conventional bulk semiconductors (e.g., SiGe, III-V materials) are encountering insurmountable fundamental physical and material limits (heat dissipation, short-channel effects, etc.).", "field": { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-803b-ba20-f4c68cf9d0ab", "name": "Computation" }, "foundationalCapabilities": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-801f-bf91-fb2cfe757da1", "1f0cb37e-2a00-80cb-a436-c2dfcbfbf3a6" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk", "Safety Risk" ] } ], "capabilities": [ { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-800a-a99a-c6b3bf8a960a", "name": "Models for Dynamic Cellular and Subcellular Data", "slug": "models-for-dynamic-cellular-and-subcellular-data", "description": "Models that represent cells as self-organizing and adaptive are critical for enabling the simulation of multi-cellular systems. \r\n\r\nThese should incorporate subcellular data from experimental techniques tracking individual molecules within cells in real time, as well as capture the fundamental interaction between external and internal molecular environment.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8025-8a79-e03583d37033" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-800c-b9d2-df04a8402a16", "name": "Large-Scale Profiling of Infection to Expose Links to Neurodegeneration", "slug": "large-scale-profiling-of-infection-to-expose-links-to-neurodegeneration", "description": "Conduct a large-scale, comprehensive study to establish causal links between persistent microbial/viral infections (such as herpes simplex 1) and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s Disease. Such a study would illuminate the role of infections in increasing disease risk and progression.\n\nThis effort could serve as a sequel to the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) that have been performed since the completion of the Human Genome Project. Many diseases failed to show obvious genetic etiologies from those GWAS efforts, suggesting a role for the environment in disease causation. Large-scale infection profiling could therefore unearth etiologies that were not possible to detect by GWAS.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8036-900b-dc05bc9fa785", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8009-bdc1-c145dea4560e", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8015-98cf-d61116a06a31", "1c0cb37e-2a00-800e-8518-c6faa7d74ae1" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-8013-ab45-d8eab2f7a3fb", "name": "Repertoire- and Cellular Subset-Level Adaptive Immune Tools", "slug": "repertoire-and-cellular-subset-level-adaptive-immune-tools", "description": "Adapt and build experimental and computational methods to read out distributed and sparse immune memory signatures from adaptive immune cells. Beyond individual antibody-antigen binding, this approach focuses on signatures distributed across cellular subpopulations and the repertoire. Decoding these signatures could identify hidden causes of and cures for disease, enabling more accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chronic conditions.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-8085-83a5-fae375036de7", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8078-93fc-f9298f8055a4", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80cc-8c49-d6fc54c61607", "216cb37e-2a00-808f-97de-c34e5f00d2ff" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-8017-9c3a-faca36da22fb", "name": "Digital Replicas of the Whole Brain of a Model Organism", "slug": "digital-replicas-of-the-whole-brain-of-a-model-organism", "description": "Construct a digital replica of a model organism’s brain (e.g., C. elegans) that accurately recapitulates neuronal activity and behavior. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-8086-b441-d968b737ab06", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80f0-8b03-e66f4171c3db", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8013-a6a8-cd3d9c845bd3", "1b6cb37e-2a00-804b-bf21-da8e328c32ef", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80d6-b2b5-ea17edf8f57a", "1b6cb37e-2a00-807e-a1b6-d13c9571bb95" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-802d-bceb-e985e3133c26", "name": "Noninvasive Blood–Based Measurement of Brain Biomarkers", "slug": "noninvasive-blood-based-measurement-of-brain-biomarkers", "description": "Use peripheral sampling methods to indirectly monitor brain molecular\n biomarkers. One approach involves using ultrasound to transiently open the\n blood–brain barrier, releasing engineered protein markers into the\n bloodstream for detection.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-800a-b24f-f451b0b6b4f8", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8063-862d-d35bfbc2680c", "1d1cb37e-2a00-80ac-8d25-e5893241cd85" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-8034-ba73-cefc0f554570", "name": "Longitudinal Multi-Omic Immune Profiling\n Across Populations", "slug": "longitudinal-multi-omic-immune-profiling-across-populations", "description": "Generate longitudinal, multi-omic immunological data from a diverse\n cohort of individuals. This dataset would be critical for enabling immune-ome\n modeling and prediction (for example, in forecasting vaccine responses).", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8071-af6b-ee24cd854b2e" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-8036-aa4f-f8930ffac5ee", "name": "Faster Electron Microscopy for Connectomics", "slug": "faster-electron-microscopy-for-connectomics", "description": "Develop new physical detection methods for electron microscopy that improves scalability of visualization of brain circuitry.\n \n ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-80e7-b14e-c803d0796fb8" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-8038-a083-c4bda0f7538b", "name": "T-cell and B-cell Receptor Antigen Mapping", "slug": "t-cell-and-b-cell-receptor-antigen-mapping", "description": "Construct a comprehensive map linking trillions of T-cell receptors (TCRs) and B-cell receptors (BCRs) to millions of disease antigens. This map will facilitate antibody–antigen binding prediction, allowing the identification of target antigens based solely on immune cell DNA sequences.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-806b-9d9a-d803bb609e94", "1b6cb37e-2a00-805c-ba8b-d9f170beb87e", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80cc-a833-da4ffb92866c", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80f4-a093-c95e9f2fce1c", "1f0cb37e-2a00-803d-8883-c2082433f224" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-803c-9ae5-f521d7801fbc", "name": "Freezing and Unfreezing Time for Living\n Cells", "slug": "freezing-and-unfreezing-time-for-living-cells", "description": "Develop methods to “freeze” and subsequently “unfreeze” living cells,\n effectively capturing dynamic states for later analysis and then resuming\n cellular function.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-807e-9dcb-e0fd33b31e8d" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-803f-a319-d774aea566fd", "name": "Datasets that Quantitatively Capture the Full Space of Behavior", "slug": "datasets-that-quantitatively-capture-the-full-space-of-behavior", "description": "Use rich data collection and machine learning to correlate natural behavior with neural activity in animals and humans and decipher the “grammar” and subcomponents of bodily movement.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-807a-8c53-dfeb91b8505c", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8097-863e-d02dc4289e4c", "1b6cb37e-2a00-804d-81da-d575763b81cc" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-8040-b9d2-f221d4502f91", "name": "Mapping the Hypothalamus and Brainstem", "slug": "mapping-the-hypothalamus-and-brainstem", "description": "Systematically map how specific brain regions like the hypothalamus and brainstem (arguably the “steering subsystem” of the brain) drive innate behaviors and learning signals, and understand their role in obesity, chronic pain, fertility, inflammation, and other disorders.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-80cb-8e78-f57629a7c36f", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8086-949c-fa2b0818bee8", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80a5-af1f-d21b921b3a54", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80a9-9289-ed51f405dd88", "216cb37e-2a00-803d-9997-e92d9239d5ce", "216cb37e-2a00-80a3-90f6-e168fee39eee", "216cb37e-2a00-80b0-90ca-cc30dfbc43dd" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-8043-a6ad-e037b8aad421", "name": "Novel Fast-Scanning Microscopy of Brain Cortex", "slug": "novel-fast-scanning-microscopy-of-brain-cortex", "description": "Develop innovative microscopy techniques that enable rapid, high-resolution imaging of neuronal networks in vivo at single–neuron resolution (e.g., Light Beads Microscopy)", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-809e-bf08-e018143dd8f2" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-8048-9641-e10b875bb35b", "name": "Metabolomics", "slug": "metabolomics", "description": "Establish foundational datasets and machine learning models for inverse\n mass spectrometry of small molecules, enabling interpretation of metabolomic\n data at the single-cell level.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-8047-a32b-faa41805ec49", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80d8-af2e-d681516144f8", "1b6cb37e-2a00-806d-9826-d6242982bb9a", "1b6cb37e-2a00-807d-8de5-c65e5b2dd881", "1b6cb37e-2a00-804c-9860-d2a300489557" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-804d-8639-eaa7b5153815", "name": "Minimally Invasive Ultrasound–Based Whole\n Brain Computer Interface", "slug": "minimally-invasive-ultrasound-based-whole-brain-computer-interface", "description": "Develop a minimally invasive ultrasound-based platform that can interface\n programmably with the whole human brain. This approach leverages ultrasound’s\n ability to penetrate deep tissues, offering scalable imaging and modulation\n with minimal invasiveness.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-80dc-a5d9-f625304e41de", "1cccb37e-2a00-80a7-b44d-d01cdcfe05b2" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-8058-8429-cfd3c79b7f53", "name": "Universal Immune-Computer Interface (ICI)", "slug": "universal-immune-computer-interface-ici", "description": "Develop a universal immune-computer interface to enhance the immune\n system’s targeting of pathogens and cancers, while reducing issues such as\n autoimmunity and transplant rejection. The ICI would involve two-way\n coupling—where the immune system and computer mutually optimize their\n matching processes—and real-time feedback loops. An example could be a\n wearable device that integrates mRNA manufacturing with single-cell\n sequencing.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80b8-a40c-efbfd8c59d19" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-805b-bbfb-e4702bbbb27c", "name": "High-Throughput Single-Cell Proteomics", "slug": "high-throughput-single-cell-proteomics", "description": "Develop new technologies to improve the cost-performance of single-cell\n proteomics (>100x), enabling proteome-wide analysis at scale. This would\n allow proteins—the functional output of genetics—to be analyzed\n comprehensively across complex biological systems. Some of these technologies\n are single-molecule, some are not. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-80d5-947c-c46c5c06918a", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8028-9353-d88b2b9194bf", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8060-97e6-e2d3f0e147ba", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80fe-b715-ef7ba49f7437" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-806f-8585-e74b56bf89f4", "name": "In-Vivo Connectomics", "slug": "in-vivo-connectomics", "description": "Create methods to map neuronal connectivity in living brains, capturing the dynamic interactions between neurons at a single-cell level.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-80e5-aae3-d5a60058cfd1" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-8082-a289-e7c4d1fe7f6e", "name": "Low Energy Multiphoton Brain Imaging", "slug": "low-energy-multiphoton-brain-imaging", "description": "Develop a novel physical pathway for multiphoton fluorescence generation that enables optical sectioning and excitation at red wavelengths with simple systems like continuous wave lasers.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-8087-b7d1-fae76e27cd6b" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-808e-8f5e-f2f13b51343d", "name": "In-Vivo Optical Transparency of Brain Tissue", "slug": "in-vivo-optical-transparency-of-brain-tissue", "description": "Develop techniques that render brain tissue optically transparent in vivo, allowing deeper and higher-resolution imaging of neural networks without invasive sectioning.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-80a3-aa20-efdf1d400364" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-808f-8016-ed0e34bb66e3", "name": "Universal Latent Variable Model of\n Cellular State", "slug": "universal-latent-variable-model-of-cellular-state", "description": "Train predictive models that can probabilistically infer any missing\n omics data from any available measurements by learning a broadly useful\n latent space. Such a universal representation of cellular state could become\n the foundation for many predictive and diagnostic applications.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-8089-95ec-d135489606d2", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80eb-8e5e-d75312d5f8f8", "1f0cb37e-2a00-808f-a150-d36088efe3c9" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-8096-a2ca-c60028df9030", "name": "Real-Time Dynamics of Patient Molecular Biology", "slug": "real-time-dynamics-of-patient-molecular-biology", "description": "The ability to study the real-time dynamics of molecular pathways in living humans remains extremely limited in time-resolution (frequency and duration) and scalability (beyond lab testing). Continuous, minimally invasive technologies are needed to improve our understanding of human physiology, accurately diagnose patients, and assess the impact of clinical interventions. Molecular engineering, particularly protein engineering, and integrated circuit design can be combined to develop new, miniaturized devices.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80d5-ae3d-f1c488cc8f7d", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8019-9dd9-d4eee61109b6", "1c8cb37e-2a00-805c-9c14-c8ef7382fc09", "1c8cb37e-2a00-802e-8be7-c5373f943f2b", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8017-ae6d-e36837d2b17f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-809f-99e9-f255d62e2815", "name": "Mapping Other Key Biomolecules", "slug": "mapping-other-key-biomolecules", "description": "Develop technology suites for single-cell glycomics and lipidomics using\n methods such as in-situ multi-cycle imaging or spatially resolved\n nanopore/mass spectrometry. This would scale up the mapping of key molecules\n beyond proteins and metabolites.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-8023-93fd-f94a5930e46f", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8004-93d7-ccb8f759429f", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8003-b6b9-e57479d2329a", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80bf-b242-d621bce32e5a" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80ae-bb31-f2cc484cbf8f", "name": "Scalable, Anatomically and Molecularly Dense Brain Mapping Technology", "slug": "scalable-anatomically-and-molecularly-dense-brain-mapping-technology", "description": "Develop a scalable technology that can map the brain’s wiring at the single–cell level and link molecular and circuit properties.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-8094-9836-fb5c2abe0623", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8000-99b2-d79e53ace7d0", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80bb-ab4e-e7ca61c83028", "1d6cb37e-2a00-80ea-b0ca-f5455b973854" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80af-8c60-cca83e5a230c", "name": "Less Invasive Access to the Brain Through Very Tiny Skull Holes", "slug": "less-invasive-access-to-the-brain-through-very-tiny-skull-holes", "description": "Access brain fluids through much tinier holes than currently possible to facilitate less invasive delivery of drugs or devices to intracranial or intraventricular spaces.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-8054-9bf3-dfb7ddb37bc2" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80b0-8054-d56e1fa698d0", "name": "Automated Mechanistic Interpretability of Generative AI Models Trained on Biological Data", "slug": "automated-mechanistic-interpretability-of-generative-ai-models-trained-on-biological-data", "description": "Develop automated approaches for mechanistic interpretability of virtual\n neural network models trained on biological state data. This would enable the\n extraction of mechanistic insights from predictive models, potentially\n informing both basic science and therapeutic design.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-808f-9769-dfdff829866d" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80bd-bee4-fd98fc7e54d8", "name": "Fully Noninvasive Neural Read–Write Technologies", "slug": "fully-noninvasive-neural-read-write-technologies", "description": "Use noninvasive modalities—such as ambient field magnetoencephalography\n (MEG) with quantum gradiometers, sono–magnetic tomography, optical\n interference methods, and ultrasound modulated optical tomography—to record\n and modulate brain activity without surgery.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-800a-84af-e7a7f48e271f", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80a3-9f83-c96b9506e607", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80a5-a6bb-c8cc1c3655e1", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80ef-a406-f0b632676cc1", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8070-b40b-cc4841034fe4", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8092-aadd-c061e1e17047", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80e4-98e3-e7ee4417c7dc", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8010-bca7-ca850e36318a", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8077-8780-d05947469e0f", "22fcb37e-2a00-8080-a04d-c07f26830903" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80be-946e-c837881d5ef5", "name": "Molecular 3D Scanning", "slug": "molecular-3d-scanning", "description": "Create whole-cell, nanometer-resolved, in-situ multi-omic imaging\n approaches that can map hundreds to thousands of molecules (e.g., proteins,\n RNAs) within intact specimens at nanoscale resolution. The core chemistries\n and imaging technologies for this exist, but they need to be integrated and\n brought to scale. We could, for example, comprehensively measure the many\n aspects of the “Hallmarks of Aging” within a single tissue sample.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-80e3-bfbe-dd65dbee1104", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80e7-a1e5-db56a49845ef" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80c8-8277-dc36cd05a858", "name": "Data–Driven AI Models of Brain Systems", "slug": "data-driven-ai-models-of-brain-systems", "description": "Use machine learning to construct functional digital emulations of human\n and primate brain systems. These models, built at varying levels of fidelity,\n support automated interpretability and data-driven discovery.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-8038-9fe8-d296e9aa99bf", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80bc-8d6d-d8ce9d0b918c", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80ac-a51b-ec928e69860e", "1b6cb37e-2a00-806d-b2ca-f083b8e3894f", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8048-b3e3-fb8fec96d83b", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80be-975e-f6f4019975ae", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80cf-a06b-f8744fdcdbf0" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80ca-b324-cdcdac9a2f59", "name": "Live Cell Subcellular Imaging &\n Foundation Models", "slug": "live-cell-subcellular-imaging-foundation-models", "description": "Develop live cell subcellular imaging techniques in tissues combined with\n computational foundation models to interpret the resulting data, enabling\n detailed mapping of subcellular structures and their dynamics  in native environments.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-8000-9313-e16a28b29a0f", "1d7cb37e-2a00-80a5-9e1f-c6013d108bc4", "216cb37e-2a00-803d-b246-c2545ab04545" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80cc-8e5f-f4dc2d15c252", "name": "Rapid High–Resolution Neural Circuit Visualization", "slug": "rapid-high-resolution-neural-circuit-visualization", "description": "Combine advanced imaging\n methods—such as synchrotron X–ray microscopy and expansion microscopy—to\n rapidly and scalably image neural circuits in both small and large brain\n regions. This method promises high spatial resolution with faster throughput.\n \n ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-80df-8773-e9c686230917", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8067-b786-db8c81ba9da6" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80dd-bd1d-c9863e9b5fae", "name": "Embodied Testbeds for Neuro–Cognitive Models", "slug": "embodied-testbeds-for-neuro-cognitive-models", "description": "Develop virtual models (e.g., a virtual fly, rodent) to simulate neuro–cognitive processes in a controlled, embodied environment.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-80ab-b962-f62bbb4b842a", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8058-98cf-f77fbf429135", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8081-9ce1-c0915107e144" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80e3-a775-ffb918e3064c", "name": "Binders for Every Epitope", "slug": "binders-for-every-epitope", "description": "Highly specific mAb/nanobody type binders for every target epitope,\n including for specific post-translational modifications", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-8093-a068-ef1915b8f8ac" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80f0-965d-e326c333b76e", "name": "Micro- to Nano-Scale Minimally Invasive\n BCI Transducers", "slug": "micro-to-nano-scale-minimally-invasive-bci-transducers", "description": "Harmless nanoscale transducers to record or modulate brain activity that\n can be delivered minimally invasively.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-80b2-892a-caa74ee9c8e6", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8085-ba94-d1578f1ea4ed", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80eb-b5fa-da10d6195b8d", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80c4-a319-f4ce76e8f0ff", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8094-b261-d9d1cc331ad0", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80c0-b425-d9c35c58948b" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80f3-9824-e12d0bfe0f19", "name": "Immune Tolerance Induction to Enable In-Human Synthetic Biology with Foreign Proteins", "slug": "immune-tolerance-induction-to-enable-in-human-synthetic-biology-with-foreign-proteins", "description": "We need a way to programmably induce immune tolerance to a user-defined foreign protein, in order to enable many new forms of gene and cell therapy (not to mention help with autoimmune diseases). This is especially needed for brain computer interface as many of the most powerful concepts for BCI would involve adding foreign protein such as transducer proteins for optical or acoustic signals. As Hannu Rajaniemi wrote, “a flexible ability to induce immune tolerance to opsins is a prerequisite of a two-way mind meld with computers”.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8020-b89d-e5c42d3de34d" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80f5-aa25-e712c235768f", "name": "Deciphering the DNA Regulatory Code", "slug": "deciphering-the-dna-regulatory-code", "description": "Decipher the “DNA regulatory code” that governs gene expression.\n Understanding it would enable the prediction of how perturbations to cell\n state affect transcription in development and disease.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-8017-bee7-d4d7dae7a3cf", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8042-b524-e65cac174da1" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80f6-8f74-c5228ba7e8d8", "name": "In Vitro Models of the Human Cortex", "slug": "in-vitro-models-of-the-human-cortex", "description": "Develop an in-dish model that mimics the structure and function of the human cortex, providing a controllable platform for studying cortical development, function, and disease.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-804d-a1dd-f804c85395a3", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8099-a529-ea42a4fe41c3" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1b4cb37e-2a00-80f7-9b26-d31b726d6b88", "name": "Ex Vivo Human Brains", "slug": "ex-vivo-human-brains", "description": "Utilize live human brains maintained ex vivo (“in a vat”) to study\n disease and drug responses more accurately.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-804e-a8fd-eedc39a5609e" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c0cb37e-2a00-8089-8cfe-eb2ad9182896", "name": "Precision Immunology for Indirect Read/ Write Access to the Central Nervous System", "slug": "precision-immunology-for-indirect-read-write-access-to-the-central-nervous-system", "description": "Use peripheral immune cells as both reporters and interventions to decode and influence the brain. This approach leverages the adaptive immune system’s inherent function as sentinel and archivist for etiological and pathological processes in other end organs (including the brain).", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80cc-8c49-d6fc54c61607" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c0cb37e-2a00-80e0-9a6e-e255870837e2", "name": "Gene Expression Control of Cellular Transplants in the Brain", "slug": "gene-expression-control-of-cellular-transplants-in-the-brain", "description": "Technologies to control gene expression in single neurons post-transplantation. Light-based or acoustic methods could offer precision for neuro-activation to enable axonal guidance and integration and enable cellular transplantation for neuroregeneration, circuitry reconstruction etc.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-804c-bbf7-f8ad8f465e2d", "1b6cb37e-2a00-800e-b2b6-db9b3525cddd", "1b6cb37e-2a00-8063-bafa-dd5b51c61996" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8001-9a69-edf60684a8c1", "name": "Map of Odorant Receptor Binding", "slug": "map-of-odorant-receptor-binding", "description": "Humans have ~400 odorant receptor genes that encode functional GPCR proteins. Binding ligands have been identified for ~80. Mapping the binding profiles of olfactory receptors from humans and other animals would enable novel biosensors and reveal novel therapeutic targets.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-8022-941a-db7cabeac4d1", "1c2cb37e-2a00-806b-84f4-c0d3a63ca4cd", "1c2cb37e-2a00-802e-83c3-f9e15d1e8e33", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8018-92fe-d6a1005bce87" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8003-8656-e203281a11a5", "name": "Cryopreservation and Rewarming to Extend the Viability of Biological Tissues", "slug": "cryopreservation-and-rewarming-to-extend-the-viability-of-biological-tissues", "description": "Develop engineering methods for cryopreserving and safely rewarming large organs or whole bodies, which could revolutionize transplantation and long-term tissue storage.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-80c7-bf95-db4526cdcb4c", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8096-bc2c-fa18ca170983", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8015-b798-f32618b7306f", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80ec-89dd-d796aca320cb", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80e6-87e7-c87d9c855699", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80f8-bb48-e9fcd6f64082" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-800a-9d14-dc9f4a12e5cd", "name": "Biosynthesis of Inorganic Materials", "slug": "biosynthesis-of-inorganic-materials", "description": "Biosynthesis of C allotropes, e.g. (strong) polyynes and chiral CNTs; Biosynthesis of Si allotropes e.g. crystalline Si from SiO2 for photovoltaics", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-8009-87b7-dd123c1b3198" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-800a-a7de-f1e61729b3ef", "name": "Improved and Diverse Research Models", "slug": "improved-and-diverse-research-models", "description": "A greater variety of small animal models (along with corresponding suites of tools such as species-specific antibodies, annotated genomes, transgenics, etc.) would enable novel biological insights and could be used to develop models of complex human diseases. Additional rodent models, as well as those beyond mouse and rat would be highly enabling.\n\nMore realistic models are also critical for aging research–many diseases of aging are studied in young animals.\n\nAnalytical tools are also important to make it easier for researchers to understand a) limitations of their research models, b) be aware of superior but less commonly used models. For example, a “Maniatis” style handbook detailing which human pathophysiology is mirrored in different species.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-800f-af06-cc9741af207d", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80b2-b704-db90098c55c6", "1c8cb37e-2a00-802f-962b-d0e5d1646ca3", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80af-a0cb-c1f061bb894d", "1c8cb37e-2a00-805b-9d06-dd98b65a3a27", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8023-9aef-c1f0e1d394ce", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80a4-a968-c63e1e695098", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80b2-b1c7-ca353cf25db1", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80e3-8ebc-e67c49609012", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80d7-a977-d8eff0147f14", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8050-9614-e82ee88855df", "1c8cb37e-2a00-808f-ba21-de5db7770f08", "216cb37e-2a00-80aa-88a8-d2ce9d49289c" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8014-916a-f6ba1b6c9b15", "name": "Cheap Long Peptide\n Synthesis", "slug": "cheap-long-peptide-synthesis", "description": "Fast on-demand complex peptide manufacturing", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8011-ba73-fe18fb398c1d" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8018-9b59-e5623edbdd0a", "name": "Mapping Developmental Malnutrition", "slug": "mapping-developmental-malnutrition", "description": "Systematically profile cellular mechanisms by which early-life malnutrition affects physiology across the lifespan, providing insights into long-term developmental impacts.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8039-85ad-f939cfcd429b" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8020-aaa7-ca63427edc46", "name": "Generative Model\n Based Parallel Library Synthesis", "slug": "generative-model-based-parallel-library-synthesis", "description": "Synthesize massive biopolymer libraries according to the statistics of a generative model", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-807d-9b69-d497a152b451" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8023-9cd1-c986c8de5af8", "name": "Digital Twins / Synthetic Clinical Trial Models", "slug": "digital-twins-synthetic-clinical-trial-models", "description": "Create high-fidelity computational models (digital twins) that accurately simulate human physiology, enabling synthetic clinical trials and faster hypothesis testing.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-808d-82d8-e4e75787f598", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80bf-ab7d-ce01f1ca9a6c" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8029-82a2-ff0e872388dc", "name": "Cell-Free Systems", "slug": "cell-free-systems", "description": "Utilize cell-free platforms that enable synthetic biology outside of living cells, thereby bypassing the limitations of evolved cellular machinery.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8007-94f6-cbc3ad154b2c", "1c0cb37e-2a00-808d-82b4-e01fb463a29f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-802d-b9de-d07b4dfd9970", "name": "Recode Membrane Proteins for Solubility", "slug": "recode-membrane-proteins-for-solubility", "description": "Modify the genetic code or structure of membrane proteins so they become soluble in water, thereby enabling more robust experimental analysis and practical applications.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8044-8b7f-ff7187a476ee", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8084-96d5-fd60a719d038" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-802e-90c9-dbf91f2f6746", "name": "Ab-Initio Calculation of Heavier Elements", "slug": "ab-initio-calculation-of-heavier-elements", "description": "Create accurate, thoroughly benchmarked calculations for elements beyond the second row of the periodic table, for clusters of 3 or more atoms. Could complement 29.5.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-809e-917a-c0bf2dedf857", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80f7-bf37-ed3333807f04" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-802f-b0e3-f52a0e70218a", "name": "AI-Accelerated Quantum Chemistry", "slug": "ai-accelerated-quantum-chemistry", "description": "Leverage AI techniques to accelerate quantum chemistry calculations, improving the speed and accuracy of electronic structure predictions.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80b1-b4af-c2e6f5e7aa7a", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80a6-bd1f-f37590ad25b0", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80e4-afab-c5fb3defc218" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8038-b86c-ec0adcf9d0d8", "name": "Bottom-Up Synthetic Cells", "slug": "bottom-up-synthetic-cells", "description": "Develop entirely synthetic cells constructed from the ground up, rather than relying on evolved cell systems. This approach would enable precise control over cellular functions and properties, although risks must also be considered, e.g., https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ads9158", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c1cb37e-2a00-806e-bc9d-f1fbc3f3f0ba", "1c1cb37e-2a00-80fe-8f8e-c413da569fcf" ], "tags": [ "Safety Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8041-9f1e-d03852660262", "name": "Broader Chemistry Automation", "slug": "broader-chemistry-automation", "description": "Advance the field of chemistry automation through additional robotics and high-throughput platforms, enabling scalable synthesis processes.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-8018-9966-dceeeb7ef9d9", "1c2cb37e-2a00-804f-ba2a-d34b905dc3ac", "1c2cb37e-2a00-808c-854f-c59ff9528d57", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8000-b594-d66638ce730f", "1c2cb37e-2a00-807c-b9fa-e331c6545fff", "1c2cb37e-2a00-802c-a0b0-e410498ee24e", "1f0cb37e-2a00-805f-98e5-d8f622347e63" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8042-acea-fe39a87e2605", "name": "Molecular 3D Printing", "slug": "molecular-3d-printing", "description": "Explore methods for molecular-scale 3D printing, which would enable the precise assembly of molecules layer by layer.\n \nThis would in principle move us towards a general-purpose approach to atomically precise fabrication as envisioned by Drexler in the 1980s and Feynman in the late 1950s. DNA origami made a leap in 2006, but DNA is in some key ways a much less precise and versatile nanoscale building material than proteins/peptides. A promising path would extend “DNA origami” to “protein carpentry” by adapting Beta Solenoid proteins, or other modular protein components with programmable binding properties, as lego-like building blocks and then using the latter to construct massively parallel protein-based 3D printers for lego-like covalent assembly of a restricted set of chemical building blocks. This one is riskier: how programmably can we really control protein assembly, and could we bootstrap from initial crappy prototype protein-carpentry-and-or-DNA-origami-based molecular 3D printers to genuinely useful ones? \n\nSafety consideration: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/15/8/001 \n\nStrategy consideration: https://www.effectivealtruism.org/articles/ea-global-2018-paretotopian-goal-alignment ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8063-9dcb-e39c9573712b", "1c0cb37e-2a00-802f-bf75-e7d788e98af8", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80e5-8ad2-c855681ba80f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8043-9729-ef46e2c27e5a", "name": "Metabolically Incorporated Labels", "slug": "metabolically-incorporated-labels", "description": "Engineer cells to incorporate imaging labels metabolically, thereby eliminating the need for external probe delivery and enabling noninvasive imaging.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-808a-89af-fb9beee717e4" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8043-a0a8-ed6dec92fbca", "name": "Direct 3D Specification of Protein-Like Molecules", "slug": "direct-3d-specification-of-protein-like-molecules", "description": "Design polymers that are not limited to amino acids and are directly specified in three dimensions, enabling precise positional control in synthesis and potentially broader or more robust functions than proteins.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8008-940d-eff9550d0b95", "1c0cb37e-2a00-807e-9296-d956188ef914" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8047-a449-d52fa641cfa1", "name": "Compact X-Ray Lasers", "slug": "compact-x-ray-lasers", "description": "Make X-ray lasers more accessible and compact", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8086-8992-fd6ef07e3689", "1c0cb37e-2a00-806d-b9c0-ca7af1c2a34d" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-804a-b3a1-c7d6e61ba942", "name": "Quantum Non-Demolition X-Ray (Ghost) Imaging", "slug": "quantum-non-demolition-x-ray-ghost-imaging", "description": "Explore quantum non-demolition x-ray imaging (or ghost imaging) methods that use quantum correlations to image samples with minimal perturbation, preserving sample integrity for longitudinal studies.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-809c-b022-dcdedde86834", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80ce-9244-ff73000fcde2" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8050-b4e3-c5ccf7cfa171", "name": "Vacuum Mechanosynthesis Exploration", "slug": "vacuum-mechanosynthesis-exploration", "description": "Investigate the feasibility of vacuum mechanosynthesis—a process that uses mechanical forces under vacuum conditions to construct molecules with high positional precision.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8044-835d-f1b5d854169c", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80cc-9a47-cfa7d57b4403", "1fccb37e-2a00-8004-bf0e-f750b648610e" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8056-bab4-eec1398a6048", "name": "Make it Easier to Map Orientations of Small Proteins in Cryo-Em", "slug": "make-it-easier-to-map-orientations-of-small-proteins-in-cryo-em", "description": "Barcode the orientations of small proteins in the cryo-EM", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-807d-97cf-de8360fa2c84" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8058-9990-c236f77a985c", "name": "Grow and Maintain Human Organs Ex Vivo or in Animals", "slug": "grow-and-maintain-human-organs-ex-vivo-or-in-animals", "description": "Grow human organs in animals to study disease and drug response more accurately. Use advanced stem cell technologies to grow patient-specific tissues and organs in animals for transplantation. \n\nHuman organs could also be maintained ex vivo (“in a vat”) for research purposes. Perfused organ systems (including cadaver-based models) that maintain the structure and function of human tissues ex vivo would also be enabling.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-80fb-a2d3-ff23b8307b55", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8047-85f0-ed0c18c5ccaa", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80c8-b12f-d6db15cd8e63", "1b6cb37e-2a00-804e-a8fd-eedc39a5609e" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8059-a445-fd11c443fd95", "name": "Delivery Systems that “De-Target” the Liver and Macrophages", "slug": "delivery-systems-that-de-target-the-liver-and-macrophages", "description": "New delivery mechanisms are needed to target the desired tissues and avoid uptake by hepatocytes and macrophages. Off-target uptake necessitates higher dosing, increasing toxicity risks.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-804c-80c0-ee66c559f45d", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80cf-a44e-e2e42dc5f1b7", "1c8cb37e-2a00-801c-bd83-e308a3bf4ea3", "1c8cb37e-2a00-809d-b416-cf8b4a448109" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-805a-a009-e07d5b06675b", "name": "Easier Genetic Access to Plants", "slug": "easier-genetic-access-to-plants", "description": "Develop advanced technologies to facilitate genetic manipulation in plants, broadening the range of programmable organisms. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80d5-aa18-edd2c1dc4bbb", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8021-a17e-c9df4f1c3d04", "1c2cb37e-2a00-805e-8a92-facb66c927ad", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80f5-88a5-cfb6cd5ea3d6", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8079-a5bb-ecce2aaf7d77", "1fccb37e-2a00-8085-8967-cc45d98c206a" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk", "Safety Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-805b-a538-ea600b3838c4", "name": "Atom-by-Atom Imaging with Nanoscale Laser Ionization", "slug": "atom-by-atom-imaging-with-nanoscale-laser-ionization", "description": "Utilize nanoscale laser ionization techniques to achieve atom-by-atom imaging of materials, providing unprecedented resolution of atomic structures.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80ce-b9f0-dcd4713a830d" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-805e-956b-dfa2baef87f1", "name": "Improved Diagnostics", "slug": "improved-diagnostics", "description": "Diagnostic tools for the top 10 hard to diagnose diseases could have a significant impact on patients and the healthcare ecosystem. Diagnostics as an industry is in a state of market failure. Many disorders remain challenging to diagnose, impacting patient outcomes and burdening the healthcare system.\n\nMonitoring the epigenome can enable the identification of exposures to infectious disease and reveal exposure to threat agents.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8077-8776-f8d560c7465d", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8006-a0c9-ef7e16aa40cd", "1c8cb37e-2a00-809b-a41d-e8fab127463c" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-805e-ad84-fa38834e0d21", "name": "Comprehensive Mapping and Modeling of Chemical Space", "slug": "comprehensive-mapping-and-modeling-of-chemical-space", "description": "Map and model chemical reactions and catalysts more comprehensively to better understand reaction mechanisms and discover novel catalysts.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80ad-a060-e48df8e5f3de", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80a8-8b07-e2fae7765fda" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8062-9340-fb9a8e8324ee", "name": "Map of Cell-Type or Tissue Specific Targets", "slug": "map-of-cell-type-or-tissue-specific-targets", "description": "Systematically investigate cell-type and tissue specific targets equivalent to ASGPR for the liver. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8042-90c0-c248197f7b31", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80aa-8957-e310af95ee18" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8063-87bf-c59f48040713", "name": "NMR Mapping and Modeling of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins", "slug": "nmr-mapping-and-modeling-of-intrinsically-disordered-proteins", "description": "Utilize nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to capture the dynamic ensembles of intrinsically disordered proteins, enabling accurate modeling of their fluctuating structures.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80c0-b0f9-fa9231bdfd29" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8063-aa4b-fd082be08bff", "name": "Quantum Biology Measurements", "slug": "quantum-biology-measurements", "description": "Develop the instrumentation and controls required to directly measure quantum effects in biological systems.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-801a-995a-ee7fec858231", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8015-bcdd-f6d8a3adcb01", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80d8-875e-ced477c5a729" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-806a-87b8-cfa0f619cd67", "name": "Prioritization of Clinical Trials and Practice Updates", "slug": "prioritization-of-clinical-trials-and-practice-updates", "description": "Mine biomedical knowledge to decide which neglected assets to run trials on for which conditions", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8078-925e-c73c8f3d9c8e", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8081-a5c6-f25044e6bfc2" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-806a-af47-f7c449b19a11", "name": "Synthetic Meat Production via Fungus Engineering", "slug": "synthetic-meat-production-via-fungus-engineering", "description": "Develop synthetic meat production processes based on fungus engineering to create affordable, ethical, and sustainable protein sources.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-809d-8658-fc325eb7a99b" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-806b-9cb7-e4441ea649ea", "name": "Modular Synthesis Using Improved Building Blocks", "slug": "modular-synthesis-using-improved-building-blocks", "description": "Develop and utilize a better set of standardized building blocks to enable modular synthesis, making the assembly of complex molecules more efficient and scalable.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80e2-8dec-fd5181980d82", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8074-9d25-fcee25a40176", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80d1-ad19-fbb8e5042fb1" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-806c-ade2-c903dd306344", "name": "Ethical Food Production Interventions", "slug": "ethical-food-production-interventions", "description": "Implement alternative strategies that enhance the ethical aspects of food production without compromising cost-performance.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80fa-b0d1-d6ea3262372a" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8070-b295-e2c1cdfc466f", "name": "Advanced Noninvasive Measurements of Patient Biology", "slug": "advanced-noninvasive-measurements-of-patient-biology", "description": "Noninvasive monitoring technologies can enable high-resolution, point-of-care data collection.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8027-8962-feeaff5a90aa", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80db-8c26-c717fcebe5d5", "1c8cb37e-2a00-803e-a7a7-e309e720ef10", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8071-8bee-ecacfd6c69ac" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8077-8755-ce584ba364c3", "name": "Label-Free High-Dimensional Biosensing", "slug": "label-free-high-dimensional-biosensing", "description": "Develop label-free biosensing techniques that leverage vibrational signatures to capture complex cellular information without the need for physical probe delivery.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-8089-95ec-d135489606d2" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-807b-ab7a-c9a9eddf0a33", "name": "Enzyme Stabilization in Extreme Environments", "slug": "enzyme-stabilization-in-extreme-environments", "description": "Expand the operating range of biological enzymes to new solvents, enabling anhydrous enzymes, gas phase and vacuum biochemistry", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-8097-8152-f0f5c7d148cb", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80b6-8296-cd382bcfdf11", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80b3-b5ae-e0172b8459ed", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80ee-b38e-d1dfce78a604" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-807e-9d70-e8d9ac9aef86", "name": "Cheap Enzymatic DNA Synthesis", "slug": "cheap-enzymatic-dna-synthesis", "description": "Direct long DNA synthesis could still be cheaper. \nBiosecurity consideration: implementation should be governed by security measures such as:\n• Trustless DNA synthesis screening\n• Hardware lock for DNA synthesizer\n\nSee these capabilities under the “Risks of Malicious Bioengineering” bottleneck.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80e4-9f25-df7b4447c9b8" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8081-bc05-e07c372ba0fe", "name": "Protein Allostery Prediction Across the Proteome", "slug": "protein-allostery-prediction-across-the-proteome", "description": "Develop methods to  measure and predict allosteric regulation mechanisms across the proteome, capturing dynamic conformational changes that impact protein function.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80be-b862-da325cf5465d" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8082-8e27-ef315ef6c142", "name": "Protein Carpentry", "slug": "protein-carpentry", "description": "Develop techniques for “protein carpentry” that allow for the precise construction and remodeling of protein structures to yield dynamic, functional enzymes.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-800d-970a-ee78f0359df2", "1c2cb37e-2a00-803c-b0a9-f1b51febb57f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8085-9370-c37f84819bab", "name": "Non-Canonical Amino Acids", "slug": "non-canonical-amino-acids", "description": "Expand the chemical diversity of proteins by incorporating non-canonical amino acids, thereby enabling functions beyond those accessible with natural amino acids.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80c5-8f39-e0287f6fb24a", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8016-aa73-f3ca3b8d70c0" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8086-aa50-cf6d74a26b7e", "name": "Designer Enzymes from Quantum Chemistry and Protein Design", "slug": "designer-enzymes-from-quantum-chemistry-and-protein-design", "description": "Create enzymes specifically engineered via quantum chemical methods and de novo protein design, which can precisely catalyze reactions at defined positions.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8024-b589-dbcb43e7bcde" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8087-8b0c-c7eec822f9e7", "name": "In-Vivo Externally Programmable DNA/RNA Synthesis", "slug": "in-vivo-externally-programmable-dnarna-synthesis", "description": "Physics based control across the cell membrane of DNA synthesis inside the cell as a route to maximize “bandwidth across the cell membrane”", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-8079-84c2-f1fdc9f26f87" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-808f-9e59-d5474f0360d2", "name": "Magnetic-Based Imaging", "slug": "magnetic-based-imaging", "description": "Develop magnetic imaging (magneto-genetics) approaches as an alternative modality that circumvents the limitations of optical scattering, potentially offering noninvasive imaging of deep tissue structures.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80c2-a157-f2a1478bb556", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80c0-b425-d9c35c58948b", "22fcb37e-2a00-80ad-afa7-f10565fbe9ba" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8092-9680-ead8a5b3ce64", "name": "AI-Enabled Molecular Dynamics", "slug": "ai-enabled-molecular-dynamics", "description": "Use neural network potentials and force fields to enhance molecular dynamics simulations, making them more efficient and accurate.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-802d-915a-ed58a7c49ae6", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80bf-af8c-f59e7374c718", "1c0cb37e-2a00-805e-a2cd-cffbbc892e4f", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8040-9986-e44e9e96e579", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8020-bbde-d967e29db3a9", "1c0cb37e-2a00-808d-a01e-d2370a6e0755", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8091-bc99-ef575241a299", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80c8-8f80-fab181dd5391", "1fccb37e-2a00-8062-84ea-dfc0787b64d9", "22fcb37e-2a00-80b5-9a98-f702b07ce386" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8092-b82e-f7c67eeb8b2a", "name": "Anti-Scattering Optical and Opto-Acoustic Methods", "slug": "anti-scattering-optical-and-opto-acoustic-methods", "description": "Develop novel optical and opto-acoustic techniques that reduce scattering, enabling deep-tissue imaging without expensive MRI. These methods aim to improve resolution and enable whole-brain activity mapping as well as cost-effective “body scanners” for diagnostics.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-801b-8118-cce9f890c3d1", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80bc-9318-d0e7bee8c515", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80e8-a5ae-f8862495746a", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8088-92d3-c2f2fbdc385a", "1c0cb37e-2a00-801c-8309-ddf94b86d6d4", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80c8-8bb6-fae6ecee34d8", "1cccb37e-2a00-801c-ab71-f7177e3035be" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8093-9040-d4f7948c446e", "name": "Living Human Bodies Without Brains", "slug": "living-human-bodies-without-brains", "description": "Living human bodies created from stem cells without neural components could be transformative for medical research and drug development. There are many open questions–for example, the long time it takes for maturation, whether a body would function without neural components, etc.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-80d4-b2e1-ecc944220ba3", "22fcb37e-2a00-80a9-a3ca-c1c8b46fb647" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-8099-9364-c076edd8af7e", "name": "Simulating Nonequilibrium Systems at Scale", "slug": "simulating-nonequilibrium-systems-at-scale", "description": "Develop software for simulating stochastic thermodynamics at scale with modern hardware accelerators (GPUs, etc), going beyond Gillespie algorithm.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8038-a50f-ce0ef782526e" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-809a-bb03-e09175225115", "name": "Modularization of Bioreactors", "slug": "modularization-of-bioreactors", "description": "Develop modular bioreactor designs that can be easily scaled up, offering flexibility and improved efficiency in industrial bioproduction.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-805f-8dd4-ca066cf63b45", "1f0cb37e-2a00-802f-9401-c7c8964b7bf9", "1fccb37e-2a00-803a-98ab-ceec51d21fab" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80a1-9b70-f4ddebf822b1", "name": "Chemputers for Automated Synthesis", "slug": "chemputers-for-automated-synthesis", "description": "Implement a “chemputer” system to automate chemical synthesis processes, reducing human intervention and increasing reproducibility.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80df-a1fa-c7d6ee5a3416", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8082-a6e4-dcaa4045935e", "1c8cb37e-2a00-801a-8472-cdc967f31ab8" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80a2-a2d5-f1cb9572214c", "name": "AI Enzyme Design and De Novo Design of Novel Protein Functions", "slug": "ai-enzyme-design-and-de-novo-design-of-novel-protein-functions", "description": "Leverage generative AI to design new enzymes with novel functions by predicting active conformations and optimizing catalytic activity. Especially for complex redox reactions and reactions that go beyond classic biological catalysis.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-800a-8a78-c894df2c96d4", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8077-922d-c740e100d6ff" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80a5-a157-cca91fc429b4", "name": "Faster Proxy Biomarkers", "slug": "faster-proxy-biomarkers", "description": "Identify and validate robust biomarkers and surrogate endpoints to serve as effective proxies in clinical trials, enabling faster and more informative evaluations. This is especially important for aging (e.g., as proposed by the Norn Group).", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-80a3-b4b1-c232b290f4a8", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8048-ba1f-fd426d6c8e88", "1c8cb37e-2a00-801c-97fd-eafbb8f445e5", "1d1cb37e-2a00-80ac-8d25-e5893241cd85" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80a9-b398-e93dcf51775e", "name": "More Information Gleaned from Single Animals", "slug": "more-information-gleaned-from-single-animals", "description": "High-throughput testing in a single animal would enable entire studies to be run in rare/exceptional animals, e.g. with spontaneous disease mimicking humans or species not suitable for research labs.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-80bb-b7ec-c306e92d681a", "1c8cb37e-2a00-805d-94ed-d5783f6c6538" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80ab-8962-fd3b0b579e8f", "name": "Solid-Phase Synthesizers for Other Polymers", "slug": "solid-phase-synthesizers-for-other-polymers", "description": "Build solid-phase synthesizers capable of the universal, programmable synthesis of polymers such as proteins, peptides, spiroligomers, carbohydrates, and RNA mimetics.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80f3-846c-ca5be9f7e55f", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8011-ba73-fe18fb398c1d", "1c0cb37e-2a00-807e-9296-d956188ef914", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80fd-8c31-fbe755e7e144", "1c2cb37e-2a00-800e-8660-faa5c09f48ba" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80af-9096-c2035d27e930", "name": "Increasing the Range of Biopolymer Genetic Systems", "slug": "increasing-the-range-of-biopolymer-genetic-systems", "description": "Use new enzymes to enable the use of synthetic genetic polymers.\nNote: don’t make mirror life https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ads9158 ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80a5-a85e-d5931c38115f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80af-b662-db8edddc1ae0", "name": "Quantum Electron Microscopy", "slug": "quantum-electron-microscopy", "description": "Develop a quantum electron microscope that leverages quantum principles to achieve high-resolution imaging while minimizing sample damage, enabling repeated measurements on the same specimen.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-808a-9f55-e7273805c461" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80b2-ac6c-e4151b58e835", "name": "3D Organoid Technology", "slug": "3d-organoid-technology", "description": "Lab-grown 3D organ tissues have become an established additional model system to recapitulate aspects of human biology. This technology could also enable the development of functional organs for transplant.\n\nIt is also important to make tissue models that recapitulate the effects of aging, or a form of “accelerated lifetime testing”.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-80fa-98c4-d64a34a4f9b6", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80ed-ab4e-c3c17ba29d47", "1c8cb37e-2a00-804d-859a-de233507c867", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80ab-bad0-da2e64ca5aa5", "1c8cb37e-2a00-807c-9606-fcce673f065a", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8009-bdfc-ff4bd6040036" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80b2-b6aa-dfc3b8210092", "name": "Ectogenesis (Artificial Wombs)", "slug": "ectogenesis-artificial-wombs", "description": "Artificial wombs could revolutionize neonatal care and reduce preterm birth complications. They are an early stage research area with various positive biomedical externalities. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-805f-a3ad-d58e92f0a2f8", "1c8cb37e-2a00-802d-9641-e6aeb66a56e8" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80b8-a789-e201a5975aad", "name": "Silicon-Protein Interfaces", "slug": "silicon-protein-interfaces", "description": "Current fabrication methods allow us to work at macroscopic scales (10^0 m) down to the nanometer scale (10^-8 m) with photolithography, and further down to the atomic scale (10^-10 m) with proteins. However, directly bridging from macroscopic to atomic scales (10^0 m to 10^-10 m) for nanotechnology applications remains a significant challenge. A key obstacle is the lack of effective interfaces between single addressable electrodes and proteins.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80a4-beb9-eb20984f01f7" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80bb-811b-c75611b77bba", "name": "High-Quality Open Reaction and Structure Datasets", "slug": "high-quality-open-reaction-and-structure-datasets", "description": "Support open alternatives to Reaxys and the Cambridge Structural Dataset to the point where they are equal or superior in quality", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80b9-93a3-e32029e529f5", "1c0cb37e-2a00-806f-87a9-c914500855a6" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80bb-86e9-f2464ccc2edd", "name": "Multi-Disease Efficacy Testing with Standardized Biomarkers", "slug": "multi-disease-efficacy-testing-with-standardized-biomarkers", "description": "Infrastructure and coalition to collect extra blood samples during trials and apply biomarkers for different diseases to get more value from each trial.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-80c1-884c-eeefe44a657f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80be-a815-de00ff02359b", "name": "Enhanced Participant Recruitment", "slug": "enhanced-participant-recruitment", "description": "Recruitment is a bottleneck that could be addressed by socio-technical programs. Increased interoperability and unity of data access and patient recruitment across centers and disease states would help de-silo recruitment and improve efficiency.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8083-9005-ff289ab15ccd", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80b7-b752-df90f82f5d83" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80c0-8b4e-d1ccc14b4367", "name": "New Clinical Trial Designs and Tools", "slug": "new-clinical-trial-designs-and-tools", "description": "Clinical trial designs such as challenge trials, adaptive trial design, and group testing can improve efficiency. \n\nThese can be complemented with analytics and decision-support systems to optimize design, patient enrollment, and outcome interpretation.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8069-896e-c755e06a6854", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80e5-b1b5-e0001946bae1", "1c8cb37e-2a00-803c-8086-e79b5f2692ca", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80d6-b97a-d214ac33faff", "1c8cb37e-2a00-804c-8030-ed311269398f", "1c8cb37e-2a00-805e-90ae-e364b98bd6fe" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80c8-bdee-d5550911fdf8", "name": "ASIC-Enabled Quantum Chemistry", "slug": "asic-enabled-quantum-chemistry", "description": "Develop application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) tailored for quantum chemistry calculations, aiming to combine efficiency with high computational power.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8084-9c38-e9bf62f60d59" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80d0-8540-df20b02c0e3e", "name": "Build an Olfaction Decoding Model", "slug": "build-an-olfaction-decoding-model", "description": "Develop an integrative model that explains how the olfactory system decodes and classifies complex chemical stimuli, linking molecular features to perceived odors.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-802b-bcdc-dc5c3dab9768", "1c2cb37e-2a00-80c7-a5da-e3b75302e650", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8078-9615-f16e4b1ba120" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80d1-9d3f-fed0fd7943d2", "name": "Developmental Biology Read-Write Platforms", "slug": "developmental-biology-read-write-platforms", "description": "Create integrated platforms that allow for real-time monitoring, modeling and precise manipulation of developmental processes, including with bioelectric and other novel control layers. \n\nGoals could include: Genome encoding of symmetry (e.g. 2 to 8-fold radial), accurate size ratios, Branching pattern codes, Natural & synbio eutely and other counting mechanisms", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-80a6-9240-f744bbd5f593", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8027-84d4-f935935ff137", "1c2cb37e-2a00-803c-a9f3-e20ae3d1bc6d", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80de-8e19-cf11ce66c732", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80ef-989e-f52bc0db2f87" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80d2-a150-f1cae464aab5", "name": "Quantum Computing-Enabled Quantum Chemistry", "slug": "quantum-computing-enabled-quantum-chemistry", "description": "Utilize hybrid quantum algorithms to perform quantum chemistry simulations, capitalizing on recent progress in quantum computing.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8084-a99f-cae4cbca120f", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8089-9bdb-dd0d7b202c43" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80d5-9692-eae26b80e333", "name": "High-Quality Experimental Chemistry Benchmarks", "slug": "high-quality-experimental-chemistry-benchmarks", "description": "Produce a high-quality experimental dataset to validate molecular simulation techniques and transition to frictionless reproducibility.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-800e-ae6c-def9b5e15e39", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80c2-a967-c2f1e7ef18d2" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80d5-a586-df58692bd270", "name": "Breast Milk-ome Profiling", "slug": "breast-milk-ome-profiling", "description": "Conduct comprehensive “-omics” studies of breast milk to capture its molecular and microbial composition and its role in infant development.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-80f2-b0b5-f144716f8f87" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80e5-9a5d-d849f053228b", "name": "Universal Spectroscopic Databases", "slug": "universal-spectroscopic-databases", "description": "Develop comprehensive spectroscopic databases to train AI models for both forward and inverse predictions, enabling more accurate structure determination.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80ad-893f-f2e51b34a466" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80e6-beab-cd8b014b0e22", "name": "Novel Materials and Sterilization of Bioreactors ", "slug": "novel-materials-and-sterilization-of-bioreactors", "description": "Replace steel steam sterilized bioreactors with something more scalable", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80cf-ba8a-cf85cdd6f925", "1fccb37e-2a00-803a-98ab-ceec51d21fab" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80e7-8884-fc5e33b4f454", "name": "Microwave Spectroscopy for 1:1 Mapping", "slug": "microwave-spectroscopy-for-11-mapping", "description": "Employ microwave spectroscopy to establish a direct one-to-one mapping between molecular structure and spectrum, preserving detailed structural information.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80ea-b3be-e8dda97106e3" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80eb-a77e-cab539293187", "name": "Map of Cell Adhesion Codes", "slug": "map-of-cell-adhesion-codes", "description": "Decode the molecular signals governing how cells communicate and organize to form complex 3D structures, a fundamental process in tissue formation, organ development, immune cell targeting, etc.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-806b-8355-cd1c3d93a6b7" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c1cb37e-2a00-80f3-a615-de70d7aa1e22", "name": "Epidemiological Tools to Identify the Root Causes of Disease", "slug": "epidemiological-tools-to-identify-the-root-causes-of-disease", "description": "Integrated analytic tools to study clinical, molecular, and environmental datasets to identify patterns and infer the underlying causes of disease.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80cc-8c49-d6fc54c61607" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8000-9598-f1314fecc2ff", "name": "Co-Design of Morphology and Control", "slug": "co-design-of-morphology-and-control", "description": "Integrate hardware and software design processes to co-evolve robot bodies alongside control policies. This approach reduces inefficiencies caused by decoupled design methods and can unlock entirely new performance regimes.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c4-820d-c85bd249f67a" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8000-95c5-dcc4265f3cf9", "name": "Large-Scale Data Collection for Tactile Interaction", "slug": "large-scale-data-collection-for-tactile-interaction", "description": "Systematically collect and curate large training datasets focusing on tactile interactions to enhance simulation accuracy and real-world performance.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-808c-bd07-ea9ae4a50fea" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8004-92d5-e1eea5e05513", "name": "Thermodynamic Computing", "slug": "thermodynamic-computing", "description": "Computing paradigms based on thermodynamic principles, where computation is driven by energy gradients and can operate at lower energy costs by harnessing reversible and low-energy processes.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8014-9528-c7c669bcf7b3" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk", "Safety Risk", "Governance/Ethics Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8005-a5f5-e96e732da83a", "name": "Nanoscale Robots", "slug": "nanoscale-robots", "description": "Employ lithographic techniques and advanced nanofabrication to create tiny robots with high precision. Scalable production of nanoscale robotic systems could enable breakthroughs in medicine (e.g., targeted drug delivery) and materials science.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80e3-b07a-d8684e67470a", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8059-ae49-c477877eab2c" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8007-b08b-d682fc365833", "name": "Glacial Climate Intervention", "slug": "glacial-climate-intervention", "description": "Develop and test intervention strategies aimed at stabilizing glaciers and mitigating associated climate impacts.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ab-bc79-d4afe74fec46", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80af-924b-feb10b59d9c8", "1c8cb37e-2a00-809f-bc62-c5846d148bb3", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8037-a456-ee469a3fc016" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8008-b97e-d82df77ffaca", "name": "Underactuated Robots", "slug": "underactuated-robots", "description": "Advance the use of underactuated robotic systems, which use fewer actuators than degrees of freedom, to create compliant, adaptable, and significantly cheaper robots. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b5-881c-f27e6e7e0f20" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8011-855f-cda13bd4d846", "name": "Efficient Ocean Cleaning Technologies", "slug": "efficient-ocean-cleaning-technologies", "description": "Innovate and deploy efficient, scalable methods for cleaning up ocean pollution to restore marine ecosystems and improve ocean health.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8090-afd9-dc75f679a02b" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8011-9ab5-eb6b4c9859df", "name": "Automated Defect and Weld Inspection", "slug": "automated-defect-and-weld-inspection", "description": "Automation of welding requires improved ability to verify welds.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8028-998d-d199021601fe", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8073-9a20-c061002b00f3" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8014-a3c5-e93d5674bf09", "name": "Understanding Neural Design Principles of Social Instincts", "slug": "understanding-neural-design-principles-of-social-instincts", "description": "Study the neural basis of human social instincts to inform AI design, ensuring that AI systems can safely interpret and emulate human social behavior.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-802a-ba04-d34aa2a599c1", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8066-adb5-c2a68142b749", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8032-a5b5-cc135d839634" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8015-b5c6-f9de263ac76b", "name": "Scalable Synthesis of Carbon-Based Materials ", "slug": "scalable-synthesis-of-carbon-based-materials", "description": "Carbon fiber could potentially replace steel in many situations and sequester atmospheric carbon instead of creating it if we could make enough of it cheaply enough.\n\nArbitrarily long carbon nanotubes would enable tethers with tensile strength near the limits of physics which unlock things like space elevators.Scaling the production of conductive carbon materials could potentially replace copper.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80f6-8be5-e62d27429310", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80cb-a144-e51392f08496", "1d6cb37e-2a00-80d9-be79-cdcf72b2ede6" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-801a-9fce-de57e79bf6b3", "name": "Explore High-Frequency Gravitational Wave Detection", "slug": "explore-high-frequency-gravitational-wave-detection", "description": "Investigate new methodologies to detect high-frequency gravitational waves, potentially unveiling phenomena that are invisible to current detectors.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ec-82f5-f6482dfa1471", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8067-a06a-e4a7c013dda0" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-801e-92a0-cab2f0d40c0e", "name": "Develop Integrated Assessment Models", "slug": "develop-integrated-assessment-models", "description": "Create more robust integrated assessment models that minimize ungrounded economic assumptions and better capture sensitive intervention points and amplification mechanisms in socioeconomic and political systems.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ae-888f-fa19d9d59607", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c4-936c-e63d8fab6d4a", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8015-8cb8-d21cf3e34179", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8086-8292-e187ab666554", "1c3cb37e-2a00-803e-b372-ff51ad603b27" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-801f-bf91-fb2cfe757da1", "name": "Next-Gen 3D Integration of Discrete Components", "slug": "next-gen-3d-integration-of-discrete-components", "description": "New logic and memory technologies based on CNTs or other structures, 3D integration with fine-grained connectivity, and new architectures for computation immersed in memory", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8037-906b-f97a375221d5", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c7-9f97-cbf2329c9503", "1f0cb37e-2a00-8028-a7ef-f3dac31b2c1c" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk", "Safety Risk", "Governance/Ethics Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8025-8dbc-d924ee7ef0ea", "name": "Possibility of LENR Experiments", "slug": "possibility-of-lenr-experiments", "description": "Design and implement experiments to rigorously test low-energy nuclear reaction principles, providing clear data on reaction mechanisms and viability.\n\nThis is highly speculative and at this point unlikely to yield practical LENR, however, see: https://coldfusionblog.net/2019/03/13/the-case-against-cold-fusion-experiments/ ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8095-b336-f3830c377796", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80df-ba1e-c98690ccb346", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8078-bfa8-f7b74e316394", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80f9-bf1d-df5ee766c50a" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8027-99bd-e307904f0f84", "name": "Robot Tactile Perception", "slug": "robot-tactile-perception", "description": "Develop multimodal electronic skin (e-skin) that enables robots to detect force vectors, slippage, and temperature across large surface areas. Enhanced tactile perception will facilitate fine-grained control and more adaptive interactions with the environment.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b7-8a8e-c912bf00e02a", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c9-98c5-c58af23ae18d" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8029-81c3-e9ecd615a1fb", "name": "Leveraging Commercial Component Advances", "slug": "leveraging-commercial-component-advances", "description": "Utilize advances in commercial components and software to accelerate the development cycle of telescopes.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ae-a4fc-cb1e62183a03", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8070-a950-ee2f0b33b4f2", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8060-a462-c667b9348fb3" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-802a-9420-c1f9887b4301", "name": "Virtual Life Enabled by Learning and GPUs", "slug": "virtual-life-enabled-by-learning-and-gpus", "description": "Develop virtual life simulations powered by machine learning and modern GPU infrastructure to mimic the complex, evolved computations seen in biological systems.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80d3-9e59-f289a75922c2", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8042-8be1-d768854e92b2" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-802d-8b6f-ebd6dd675f08", "name": "Space-Based Gravitational Wave Detection", "slug": "space-based-gravitational-wave-detection", "description": "Space-based Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatories (LIGOs) allows an extremely large detector to study regions of the gravitational wave spectrum that are inaccessible from Earth.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8096-ae9c-f1b412129cfb" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-802f-8eac-c62f94af69c3", "name": "Shrink Molecularly Diverse 3D Assemblies for Fabrication", "slug": "shrink-molecularly-diverse-3d-assemblies-for-fabrication", "description": "Develop methods for producing smaller, more diverse assemblies using patterned techniques that allow for greater molecular variability.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8022-8303-c1de5da2d5f6", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80b9-9f74-dd7c6c83c81d", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80df-81f9-fb3a74da040f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8031-813c-ee8051dce625", "name": "Improve Out of Context Reasoning in Large Language Models", "slug": "improve-out-of-context-reasoning-in-large-language-models", "description": "Improve the ability of large language models or systems based on them to synthesize disparate information outside their context windows to formulate new scientific hypotheses", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ae-9969-f441efdab7ce", "1fccb37e-2a00-808f-adc6-d5306e7dca1c" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk", "Governance/Ethics Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8033-b4c2-e928ef582b51", "name": "Probabilistic Computing Hardware", "slug": "probabilistic-computing-hardware", "description": "Hardware for probabilistic computation, which can perform certain tasks more energy-efficiently by embracing uncertainty.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-808c-bfb7-fa36c7e2d32c", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8052-910a-ce5c72a2f8e8", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8089-9e34-f28e121b8cf0" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk", "Safety Risk", "Governance/Ethics Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8036-895f-f2b612bcc2d9", "name": "Automate AI Interpretability", "slug": "automate-ai-interpretability", "description": "Use AI to enhance the interpretability of other AI systems, creating tools that automatically explain and verify AI behavior.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8083-bd1d-e94912bf582f", "1c3cb37e-2a00-809c-9fee-cb762d90ad29" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8038-8f26-f48b3dfe8c12", "name": "Combine Physics Models and Generative AI", "slug": "combine-physics-models-and-generative-ai", "description": "Integrate detailed physics models with generative AI techniques to improve the accuracy of simulations and facilitate effective transfer of robotic behavior from simulation to reality.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-801b-a3ba-fcfff0a09d3a", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80be-b423-c9cc9792148f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8038-ac41-da6272887452", "name": "Mitigating (Indirect) Data Poisoning", "slug": "mitigating-indirect-data-poisoning", "description": "Robust strategies for data integrity, anomaly detection, and defensive training protocols to mitigate situations where indirect data poisoning could lead to intentionally misaligned AI systems (not unlike “sleeper agents”).", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8009-b29f-ea83bea75550" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8039-bd56-dd7149a858b2", "name": "Bayesian Cognitive Architectures  and Program Synthesis", "slug": "bayesian-cognitive-architectures-and-program-synthesis", "description": "Implement Bayesian cognitive models and probabilistic programming and program synthesis techniques to endow AI with more human-like reasoning, planning, and decision-making capabilities.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c3-9f36-fdbd0a5673ba", "1c3cb37e-2a00-808a-b4b5-f18fd184d33d", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8096-84b1-fe6b17f9a7d6", "1c3cb37e-2a00-803f-84b1-f15ecfa1cd93", "1c3cb37e-2a00-808c-a161-e8a34fc55f9e", "1c3cb37e-2a00-801b-af53-f53407d9dc04", "1c3cb37e-2a00-806d-80d0-d02402db216a" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk", "Governance/Ethics Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8040-a2d0-dc1a77a1282c", "name": "ML & Physics-Based Property Prediction and Iterative Self-Driving Lab", "slug": "ml-physics-based-property-prediction-and-iterative-self-driving-lab", "description": "Leverage machine learning models combined with physics-based property prediction to iteratively explore the materials space using automated, self-driving laboratory platforms, to find things like higher temperature superconductors or topological materials.\n \nNew designs are needed to minimize large capital expenditures and integrate flexible, modular components that can be rapidly repurposed for new experiments and are robust to variations and error handling. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-807d-80ed-f9f357d9249c", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80e2-91d9-c9bf3d027ec9", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8051-99e1-c2a4b2ff6709", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80dc-8697-db29a1adb3f1", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80b2-9a5d-d9f560d7c5e0", "1c0cb37e-2a00-808f-8fce-d7b492117e18", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80ec-af3c-ee5a8dd14f85", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80fa-a46f-c9782163d871", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8000-b303-ec1436a99803", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80c1-965c-ccbe0277ccd2", "1f0cb37e-2a00-8073-af1c-c097a6181a8f", "216cb37e-2a00-80d7-8541-c04d5908f18c", "22fcb37e-2a00-807e-88d4-d78a6edc2951" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8041-b5eb-c43fda8642aa", "name": "Reversible Computing", "slug": "reversible-computing", "description": "Create computing architectures that use reversible logic, theoretically allowing computation with near-zero energy dissipation by avoiding information loss.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80fd-a60f-c78c8d258ab4", "1c3cb37e-2a00-808c-aeb1-d42003e8f822", "1f0cb37e-2a00-8086-a50a-fe02b8f8b990" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk", "Safety Risk", "Governance/Ethics Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8045-bcb1-e3ba89e6e21d", "name": "AI-Based Design of Manufacturing Systems", "slug": "ai-based-design-of-manufacturing-systems", "description": "Develop AI-driven design tools that optimize manufacturing systems from the ground up, moving beyond traditional approaches to enable more efficient, automated production processes.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-802f-a573-cd58cf22dd75", "1fccb37e-2a00-8055-abd8-fcbf9e45b8e7" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8047-9af0-c0787f96115e", "name": "Bio Lab of the Future", "slug": "bio-lab-of-the-future", "description": "Develop an integrated \"bio lab of the future\" that combines robotics, AI, and real-time data analysis to fully automate bioengineering tasks.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80a0-a1a3-dc5bc77e605f", "1f0cb37e-2a00-80c5-8445-f84929634974", "1f0cb37e-2a00-80c4-8c90-fda6e5fe117f", "1ffcb37e-2a00-80b3-8b79-e2714fed7602" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-804b-87d4-e3aa9f80b675", "name": "Build a Predictive System for Tipping Points", "slug": "build-a-predictive-system-for-tipping-points", "description": "Develop advanced predictive systems that integrate diverse climate data to forecast tipping points more accurately.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-801c-8688-d504327aedf3" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-804c-98ce-ea4a6aabab5f", "name": "Low-Capital Manufacturing Systems ", "slug": "low-capital-manufacturing-systems", "description": "If we could create more manufacturing systems with low capex but high energy needs, we could take advantage of drastically cheaper solar. \n\nOne particularly useful example would be desalination.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8073-9a20-c061002b00f3" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8050-8de1-cbcfe62c3020", "name": "Improved Remote Sensing of Aerosol Particle Size and Composition", "slug": "improved-remote-sensing-of-aerosol-particle-size-and-composition", "description": "Develop improved sensor technologies for airborne particulates, e.g., hyperspectral and lidar-based remote sensing for aerosol particle size, type, and radiative forcing potential", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8037-8f79-fc039c9ec5ce" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8051-a4a1-d8976472caf4", "name": "Next Generation Earth System Model", "slug": "next-generation-earth-system-model", "description": "Build open, composable Earth System Simulation infrastructure based on high-resolution data. De-silo climate data across ESMs, IAMs, observational data to increase collaborative potential.\n\nTraditional ESMs are built using legacy programming languages, which introduce a barrier for new entrants to the field and impede the usage of hybrid machine-learning techniques and modern computing architectures.\n\nCollect high-resolution earth system data: Today’s global models and reanalyses are at tens of kilometers resolution. Build an open dataset of ultra-high-resolution simulations or merged observations (e.g. <1 km, resolving clouds, storms, and local topography). It could train AI to capture fine-scale processes (convection, urban heat islands, etc.) that current models miss.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80cb-b020-ccc2aa2e2667", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80cd-9dfd-df8b0aa34f76", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80a7-8167-ce1849bdae6c", "1fccb37e-2a00-80d3-bdb0-fdbe9aca50f1" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8051-af8d-cd113b3f827c", "name": "Cloud Seeding", "slug": "cloud-seeding", "description": "Assess the feasibility of using  cloud seeding techniques to stimulate precipitation and modulate local weather conditions in a controlled manner.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8062-9792-df9bf2a67444", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f6-bbeb-ed9f77b47736" ], "tags": [ "Safety Risk", "Security Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8055-adeb-f33cf28d09e7", "name": "Machine Learning Force Fields for Electrochemistry", "slug": "machine-learning-force-fields-for-electrochemistry", "description": "Extend work on ML force fields to charge transfer problems in external potentials, enabling in-silico discoveries in batteries, electrolysis, carbon capture, biochemistry and the origins of life", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80e1-a711-cb9073891400", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80f8-8b38-fe9bd46e404c", "1c0cb37e-2a00-806b-bbd2-f1335868a191" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8056-9a63-d5a196b591c1", "name": "Living Computers", "slug": "living-computers", "description": "Biologically inspired or living computer systems that use biological components to perform computation at very low energy levels.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80af-9c21-da87fb054bbc" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk", "Safety Risk", "Governance/Ethics Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8058-8e8b-eb1956e3292a", "name": "Develop New Modeling Frameworks for Turbulence", "slug": "develop-new-modeling-frameworks-for-turbulence", "description": "Create and implement novel mathematical models and computational frameworks that can more accurately simulate and predict turbulent flows.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-800f-bc3d-fa1629684101", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80cd-b59a-f58f37fad0af", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80b7-a587-f33a8f128115", "1c2cb37e-2a00-8037-9a3d-e571deb50c54", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8063-8809-df174af406fe", "1c6cb37e-2a00-8089-9ae1-c8dda4bef503" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-805c-bb14-d715232049dc", "name": "Macroscale Bioprinting", "slug": "macroscale-bioprinting", "description": "Methods to build large-scale structures from cells and proteins.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80cb-a144-e51392f08496", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80ce-bb03-f856ed79a753" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8060-ad08-d56f1148c660", "name": "Efficient Chemical Separation of Lanthanides", "slug": "efficient-chemical-separation-of-lanthanides", "description": "Create an industrial center of excellence focused on the practical separation of Lanthanides to distribute this knowledge as a public good.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80f3-a274-ef38a02ee537" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8062-901b-f19fc4788be7", "name": "Recovering Metals and Rare Minerals from Waste", "slug": "recovering-metals-and-rare-minerals-from-waste", "description": "E-waste represents a significant opportunity to recapture and reuse rare earth elements that are in short supply. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8051-8a01-f9d79353cd2e", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8084-a1b6-dc650319864c" ], "tags": [ "Recycling" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8066-89a7-c8aba5d79014", "name": "AI-Driven Control Systems for Plasma Confinement", "slug": "ai-driven-control-systems-for-plasma-confinement", "description": "Implement AI-based control systems to dynamically stabilize and confine plasma during fusion reactions, improving overall efficiency and stability.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c2cb37e-2a00-803a-9824-d56503980144" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8067-8b23-d9f381214260", "name": "Stratospheric Observation Platforms", "slug": "stratospheric-observation-platforms", "description": "Deploy specialized platforms in the stratosphere to gather high-resolution data on atmospheric processes and composition.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8000-aa8c-eab86a58d158" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8067-b11f-c90242b46a0e", "name": "Build Robust Ecosystem Testbeds (Closed & Open)", "slug": "build-robust-ecosystem-testbeds-closed-open", "description": "Create well-designed testbeds that simulate key ecosystems, allowing for controlled experimentation and development of restoration strategies.\n\nDevelop experimental testbeds that simulate closed ecosystems, allowing for controlled experimentation and refinement of life-support strategies.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8029-aca8-df109a48ddd3", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8099-823a-ee58146b8ad1" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8068-8f89-edeb057c4367", "name": "Equip Ships and Planes as Sensors or Modulators of Climate", "slug": "equip-ships-and-planes-as-sensors-or-modulators-of-climate", "description": "Retrofit existing vessels and aircraft with advanced sensors to systematically measure aerosol–cloud interactions in situ, improving our understanding and models.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-808e-bf18-d741f6116661", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80cc-bd5e-e20e74de5c52", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8074-8571-e3a7a151002e" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8068-9fed-df83fafa97c1", "name": "Backup Power Transformer Protection", "slug": "backup-power-transformer-protection", "description": "Establish protocols and infrastructure for banking backups of power transformers to mitigate the impact of solar flare-induced disruptions.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8086-958d-df1bae774f49" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-806e-85d2-d0591dae93a7", "name": "Modify the Cow Microbiome", "slug": "modify-the-cow-microbiome", "description": "Reduce methane production from cows by modifying or removing the methanogen microbes in their rumen: \n• Microbe-targeting vaccines\n• Gene engineered cow microbiome\n• Highly specific antibacterials", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-802c-b4a3-e35916ccfda4", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f4-a735-d92ccdd45344", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8065-b3fd-cb0f0c2b1782" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8072-8084-ef21873adfa6", "name": "Detect Early-Warning Signals of Collapse", "slug": "detect-early-warning-signals-of-collapse", "description": "Develop monitoring techniques to detect early-warning indicators—such as critical slowing down—that suggest an ecosystem is approaching a tipping point. \n\nEstablish robust, scalable networks for real-time ecological monitoring using integrated technologies. Deploy sensor arrays that combine soundscapes, environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling, and satellite data fusion to continuously assess ecosystem health across diverse regions.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-806e-8337-efbc22c878c8", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80e9-b2ae-fdef26167547", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80e5-8b71-d6d8f9012a38", "1c3cb37e-2a00-801c-8688-d504327aedf3" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8074-901a-db2673b0bad3", "name": "Neutron Microscopy", "slug": "neutron-microscopy", "description": "Develop and deploy neutron microscopy techniques to image material structures at high resolution, benefiting from neutrons’ deep penetration and sensitivity to light elements.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80cc-96f7-cae1abec6751", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8006-85c6-d739e20b8b0f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8074-b15a-dfa64892aeeb", "name": "Secure and Privacy-Preserving Local AI Enclaves", "slug": "secure-and-privacy-preserving-local-ai-enclaves", "description": "Digital fortresses that enable sensitive data to be processed in a controlled, privacy-preserving environment. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8069-9794-f5200e6929b1", "22fcb37e-2a00-80cb-8fd3-c9197230e9a5" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8076-b14c-f53f763fe525", "name": "Developmentally Realistic AI Training", "slug": "developmentally-realistic-ai-training", "description": "Train AI models on data similar to those developing humans or animals actually experience", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-806e-964d-d42d967bc598", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8096-8d82-e6094fc795ed", "1fccb37e-2a00-808f-adc6-d5306e7dca1c" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk", "Governance/Ethics Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8078-b591-f7c5100dc41c", "name": "Improved Robot Actuation", "slug": "improved-robot-actuation", "description": "Develop novel actuator technologies that combine hybrid or mode-switching capabilities with power-dense magnetic actuation. These improvements would allow robots to seamlessly transition between compliant and stiff modes, mimicking biological muscle performance while enhancing energy efficiency.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b2-bba5-ff9df248e713", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8080-b801-d95fc0897557" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-807b-bd1e-d673f8b6586b", "name": "Leveraging Modular Assembly & Reduced Launch Costs for Space Telescopes", "slug": "leveraging-modular-assembly-reduced-launch-costs-for-space-telescopes", "description": "Leverage the reduced launch costs enabled by vehicles like Starship and employ modular assembly techniques to build telescopes more rapidly and economically.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80e0-a483-d547a49b72c7", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ad-ac7e-e2f95426036b", "1d6cb37e-2a00-8055-80b2-e08f870c7ca2", "1d6cb37e-2a00-80bb-8253-d34277371d10" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8080-a736-dbb60e9d31f5", "name": "Removal of Methane and N2O from the Atmosphere", "slug": "removal-of-methane-and-n2o-from-the-atmosphere", "description": "Develop systems to oxidise diffuse atmospheric methane and nitrous oxide.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8056-9ed9-dd7e5bb3a0d5" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8082-bf36-f98b9dd238e4", "name": "Dynamic Ecosystem Feedback Modeling", "slug": "dynamic-ecosystem-feedback-modeling", "description": "Develop dynamic models that incorporate microbial, hydrological, and climate-driven processes to better capture methane/N₂O feedback loops.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-807d-b402-c149a64f97db" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8083-bb51-e286cbd1c06b", "name": "Randomized DNA-Based Chip Assembly", "slug": "randomized-dna-based-chip-assembly", "description": "Explore methods to assemble chips using randomized DNA as a templating or assembly tool, allowing for scalable production with inherent molecular diversity.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80c4-b381-c5abe510b0a4", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80e8-bc04-da48ea92d66c" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8086-adf9-ee95725c38f8", "name": "Conduct Rigorous, Non-Fraudulent Experiments", "slug": "conduct-rigorous-non-fraudulent-experiments", "description": "Encourage and fund rigorous experimental investigations into metallic hydrogen superconductivity, ensuring data integrity and reproducibility.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80fe-8758-f58c5659f042" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8089-a597-c502a63392fd", "name": "Integrated Methane and N2O Monitoring in Natural Systems", "slug": "integrated-methane-and-n2o-monitoring-in-natural-systems", "description": "Deploy networks of in-situ and remote sensors to monitor emissions across key ecosystems like thawing permafrost, peatlands, and tropical forests. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8094-b64e-f42e1c52083f", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80a6-84e8-d69ac9c5ce61", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80b5-af22-cead327b9b55" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-808a-8117-d8d4cf2fdc2d", "name": "Advance Formation Flying Technology for Spacecraft", "slug": "advance-formation-flying-technology-for-spacecraft", "description": "Even small optical interferometers in space could vastly exceed the sensitivity of ground based systems, and directly image Earth-like planets around Sun-like stars, but this requires advances in precision (<1 micron) formation flying technology for spacecraft. [This is both an engineering bottleneck, and a scientific bottleneck] ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8052-83d3-c2b9b6620815", "1c3cb37e-2a00-801c-a630-d4a8de1bf087", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8031-9451-e5e82f57fd30", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8099-bb7b-ddb5c0d57900" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-808b-bcce-d83a3801b683", "name": "Hardware Governance", "slug": "hardware-governance", "description": "Develop hardware-level governance mechanisms to enforce safety and compliance in AI systems, ensuring robust operational constraints. This includes tamper-proof hardware. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8032-b0ad-d20438b4a3a3", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8086-95e0-c5914180d43d", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8099-a7c9-dc43f7997f83", "1c3cb37e-2a00-800d-aa97-f7dba3359cef", "1c3cb37e-2a00-805d-b6a6-c72a401836c5", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80cb-be94-e731423f2018", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8005-bc2e-d07352257ed1", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8010-80ca-e56e7728a411", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8010-954f-d51520795559", "22fcb37e-2a00-803d-929f-fa6a4cc87880", "22fcb37e-2a00-806d-8314-e771d9591039", "22fcb37e-2a00-80d8-a93b-d1a4a70784b7", "246cb37e-2a00-8054-b887-e090b68e5a25" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk", "Safety Risk", "Governance/Ethics Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-808f-ad46-e2a8407062c1", "name": "Nano Modular Electronics", "slug": "nano-modular-electronics", "description": "Develop modular electronic components at the nanoscale, enabling flexible, low-cost assemblies with high molecular diversity.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80e2-af24-fcfccc1d3093", "1d6cb37e-2a00-80d9-be79-cdcf72b2ede6" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8090-8bab-c3e792a185f2", "name": "Hurricane Diversion or Mitigation", "slug": "hurricane-diversion-or-mitigation", "description": "Explore strategies to divert or mitigate the impact of hurricanes using advanced atmospheric control methods.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8042-8318-db3b80bde926", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ae-94bf-f7afd6ac2b37", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b3-822c-fd8d7cc86e5f" ], "tags": [ "Safety Risk", "Security Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8092-8b67-de1d9531246d", "name": "Develop Scaled Platforms for Validation & Measurement", "slug": "develop-scaled-platforms-for-validation-measurement", "description": "Create computational and experimental platforms tailored to validate, measure, report, and verify carbon removal and its environmental impacts in natural systems such as the ocean or soil.\n\nBeyond MRV, methods to valorize CDR at scale are needed.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8058-b0f6-f443e01f6431", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c3-9516-dadab6159185", "1c3cb37e-2a00-805d-9c25-f4455258e111", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ab-92e5-daed02c2514c", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ab-bd1b-c6eaa57c8072", "1c3cb37e-2a00-803a-a954-cdd608e7a050", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80bd-a713-d80a5552b4e6", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80cb-a043-fa6bc5a48bbc", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8035-9e5f-da9bc751f5e6" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8095-8480-ccb23b3fc612", "name": "Mimic Human Evolution in Silico", "slug": "mimic-human-evolution-in-silico", "description": "Use evolutionary algorithms and generative models to simulate human evolution processes in computational systems, driving more robust and adaptable AI.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8056-a407-cc527223340a", "1c3cb37e-2a00-800e-94a5-e6dbc3c6bf59", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8019-9545-c22b289c22ef" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk", "Governance/Ethics Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-8098-9702-c91a8180fbcf", "name": "Neuromorphic Systems", "slug": "neuromorphic-systems", "description": "Leverage brain-inspired neuromorphic hardware to perform computation more efficiently, emulating the low-energy operation of biological neural networks.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-802e-811e-fce8b738d43d", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80cd-941b-f4628d217e4f" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk", "Safety Risk", "Governance/Ethics Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-809b-8afb-c1baea4e399a", "name": "Build Better Assay Platforms for Materials", "slug": "build-better-assay-platforms-for-materials", "description": "Develop more efficient assay platforms to test the properties of materials, thus enabling faster feedback and iteration in materials discovery.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-805e-9f31-c8ad0cd34872", "1c0cb37e-2a00-806c-be7e-ec3ba6a0c094", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80e6-8fbe-c134b7ca0012", "22fcb37e-2a00-807e-88d4-d78a6edc2951" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80a5-8f6c-d94fb6d29f51", "name": "Novel Design and Processing of Textile Fibers", "slug": "novel-design-and-processing-of-textile-fibers", "description": "Next generation, high performance protein-based fibers created through new spinning processes that can align and control the molecular assembly of the final fiber, taking advantage of protein’s unique capabilities.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-808d-82b4-e01fb463a29f", "1d6cb37e-2a00-80c2-9b93-edd35772c001", "1d6cb37e-2a00-80d7-833a-d3ee9b7f31e6", "1d6cb37e-2a00-809f-b1e5-cf39efc13fe0", "1d6cb37e-2a00-8090-b9ed-db6c250a66fe", "1d6cb37e-2a00-8053-ab15-ef9d065d3c9c", "1d6cb37e-2a00-80d9-be79-cdcf72b2ede6" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80a8-b5aa-caaad648d2d7", "name": "Millivolt Switching", "slug": "millivolt-switching", "description": "Develop switching technologies that operate at millivolt levels, significantly reducing the energy required for signal processing and computation.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80dd-9123-ef8264334dc8", "1c3cb37e-2a00-804a-b6cf-f4e88f831df5" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk", "Safety Risk", "Governance/Ethics Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80ad-8cef-fa475ca23767", "name": "Transferrable Multiphysics Foundation Model", "slug": "transferrable-multiphysics-foundation-model", "description": "Develop a comprehensive multiphysics foundation model that can be applied across various mechanical systems, integrating physics-based models, experimental data, and machine learning for broad transferability.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8044-9e7c-f1aa17bf8b1c", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ba-9214-c9f98dbec172", "1c3cb37e-2a00-808f-8def-dcb49a8b4d74" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80ad-bddd-de59a8608c69", "name": "Precise Methane Production Measurement", "slug": "precise-methane-production-measurement", "description": "Implement high-precision monitoring systems to measure methane production from livestock, enabling optimized agricultural practices.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80af-a786-e91824bb3d44", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80bc-86d3-ea0a7df30278" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80ae-9f20-ffb59fd13825", "name": "Superconducting Virtual Brains", "slug": "superconducting-virtual-brains", "description": "Explore superconducting hardware to achieve brain-inspired computing with drastically reduced energy consumption, scaling to large networks.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8028-9365-cc2db7796187", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8094-a70b-cfea58784d27", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b0-a03c-fdd9fb4c885a", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80fb-998c-e608bcad79ef", "1c3cb37e-2a00-805d-974a-c35eac4b1c54", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8008-8c8d-dfd1df1be8e3" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk", "Safety Risk", "Governance/Ethics Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80af-a74e-e6a053db7a32", "name": "Understand AI Psychology without Assuming Human-Like Psychology", "slug": "understand-ai-psychology-without-assuming-human-like-psychology", "description": "Observing emergent AI decision-making processes and cognitive patterns with fewer anthropomorphic assumptions.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80fb-a2e8-f7a1f5cee167" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80b0-a4b4-eebe80189d9d", "name": "AI Design of Buildings and Construction Plans", "slug": "ai-design-of-buildings-and-construction-plans", "description": "Utilize generative AI to automatically generate and optimize building designs and construction plans, streamlining the design process and reducing manual effort.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80fc-a200-fc89ea44dc30" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80b3-9520-f283b2744e56", "name": "Study Closed Ecosystems", "slug": "study-closed-ecosystems", "description": "Conduct detailed studies of existing closed ecosystems to understand the interactions and feedback loops that enable self-sustainability.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8083-89aa-f02016e701c3" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80b7-bd46-e8c46c6476f0", "name": "Non-Humanoid Mobile Robots", "slug": "non-humanoid-mobile-robots", "description": "Design mobile robots with streamlined, efficient designs. Reduce unnecessary degrees of freedom for simpler, cheaper, and more reliable mobility platforms.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ac-b9b9-ca3bc12e84af" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80b9-82cc-c2e7affad1b0", "name": "Solar Radiation Modification Fundamentals", "slug": "solar-radiation-modification-fundamentals", "description": "Measurement reporting and verification, foundation modeling and interventions for solar radiation modification.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-800d-874b-c511322ad6e2", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80cb-b4a6-c6cb9277f96c", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8075-a155-f9b447e8d899", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80d0-ab41-da04b10dcbdb", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80e3-83c8-e5cf8b570747", "1c3cb37e-2a00-802e-b88b-d3e175b09a13", "1c8cb37e-2a00-809f-a531-ce3063444a98", "1c8cb37e-2a00-806c-96dc-cea56d0f66d4", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8065-a456-e59a1764f14a", "1ffcb37e-2a00-806e-aa43-d9861febe4e8", "1ffcb37e-2a00-80bc-b7dc-d3a275ad6a7a", "1ffcb37e-2a00-8096-9143-cf34ca863601", "1ffcb37e-2a00-8006-af46-d8c2b349bb28" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk", "Safety Risk", "Governance/Ethics Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80b9-929b-d8e2eec3099a", "name": "Magneto-Inertial Confinement", "slug": "magneto-inertial-confinement", "description": "Develop magneto-inertial confinement strategies that combine magnetic fields with inertial forces to better confine plasma for fusion.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80c8-baa3-f71bbb766c6e", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80c9-a191-d685668cf77f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80bd-8beb-f9e1465f2225", "name": "Improve Solar Flare Models", "slug": "improve-solar-flare-models", "description": "Enhance predictive models for solar flares using advanced data analytics and observation techniques to better forecast solar activity.\n\nNote: NASA spends $0.8 bn/yr on heliophysics. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-804f-bbf2-eb636b6be663" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80bd-9452-d7bced369af6", "name": "High-Strength, Non-Neodymium Magnets", "slug": "high-strength-non-neodymium-magnets", "description": "Develop high-strength permanent magnets not made of rare-earth elements. Currently the high-strength magnets underpinning many technologies (e.g., hard disk drives, mobile phones, electric vehicle motors) are all made out of neodymium, a rare earth element at risk of supply chain shortages and environmental issues. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80ff-b63f-c68fe5114412" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80c4-b7fa-fd22d4e73b7a", "name": "Lower Energy Architectures for Deep Learning", "slug": "lower-energy-architectures-for-deep-learning", "description": "Develop novel hardware architectures optimized for deep learning and artificial intelligence that dramatically reduce energy consumption compared to current systems.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ec-a6bd-ce38840ab6a5", "1c3cb37e-2a00-807e-853a-e2a6f2402bbf" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk", "Safety Risk", "Governance/Ethics Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80c7-a4cf-ee6416d47604", "name": "Cheap, Automatic Five Axis Electrochemical Machining ", "slug": "cheap-automatic-five-axis-electrochemical-machining", "description": "Electrochemical machining (ECM) creates complex shapes with high precision, but is costly. Lower cost ECM could make machined titanium as cheap as aluminum.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80a2-88dc-d4ba9069283d" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80ca-b646-e604885bc8d7", "name": "Robot Foundation Model", "slug": "robot-foundation-model", "description": "Robot foundational models can address major obstacles in robot learning and enable training on action-free data including video. This is essential for enabling reasoning about novel situations and robustly handling real-world variability.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-807e-8179-fefe41143dd8", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8065-b634-dcc883291958" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80d2-9452-e0c2e86eb31f", "name": " Computational Crystal Growth", "slug": "computational-crystal-growth", "description": "Develop integrated computational frameworks that combine quantum chemistry, reaction potential modeling, experimental data, and ML generative models to describe and direct crystal growth at the atomic level.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8069-963e-cda5a5477365" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80d3-b023-fccdefd31b4c", "name": "Ocean Heat and Circulation Modeling", "slug": "ocean-heat-and-circulation-modeling", "description": "Global ARGO-like sensors for deep ocean currents. We have relatively sparse ocean data compared to atmospheric data. Initiatives like Argo floats ( ~4,000 drifting sensors) have collected over two million ocean profiles of temperature and salinity, providing a crucial 3D view of the oceans.\n\nExpanding such efforts (more floats, deeper measurements, biogeochemical sensors) and releasing the data in unified formats could enable AI to model ocean currents, carbon uptake, and climate patterns like El Niño with greater skill. A gap remains in high-resolution, full-depth ocean data that AI models could exploit for improved climate forecasts.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c2-83dc-fcf7d0c136c3", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8010-b159-cc57f4d49f1d", "1c3cb37e-2a00-809a-94fa-f6f64173975e" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80d5-b69b-cf1991caba0a", "name": "Starlink Atmospheric Tomography", "slug": "starlink-atmospheric-tomography", "description": "Explore the concept of using satellite constellations (like Starlink) to perform atmospheric tomography, thereby building a 3D picture of atmospheric dynamics.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8031-ba7f-e602339a3c33", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8086-80f5-c3d07ff8b2a2", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8078-8a94-cc15fb6bb589" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80da-903f-fb877a408b45", "name": "Independent Planetary Missions", "slug": "independent-planetary-missions", "description": "Develop and launch independent planetary science missions to explore key astrobiological questions. Relying solely on traditional government agencies like NASA unnecessarily limits planetary science and astrobiology research.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8047-9b79-e376b9c53abb", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80a6-a471-ec290a4a837a", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8006-a4c8-e1f9532161b5", "1f0cb37e-2a00-8094-a18c-fc01bf41092b" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80dc-ba94-eca26e0d568a", "name": "Guaranteed Safe AI Architectures", "slug": "guaranteed-safe-ai-architectures", "description": "Develop and implement AI architectures with separable, auditable world models; where safety can be specified in terms of the state space of the model; and proposed AI outputs come with proofs that the output does not leave the safe region of the world model’s state space.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-803c-9da6-fdc61f7285dd", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8009-8734-caa8746f3ccc" ], "tags": [ "Governance/Ethics Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80df-a152-c3a9cb9e0122", "name": "Foundational Datasets and Models of Biodiversity and Species Interaction", "slug": "foundational-datasets-and-models-of-biodiversity-and-species-interaction", "description": "Develop comprehensive, high-quality datasets and predictive models to better understand and forecast animal movements and biodiversity shifts.\n\nUse advanced computational and theoretical models that capture how species interact, cascade through ecosystems, and ultimately influence stability or collapse. These models will help identify key feedback loops and thresholds, enabling targeted intervention before degradation accelerates.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80ce-8876-f33d58e41398", "1c0cb37e-2a00-809e-a1b7-cdfd9ef7b04f", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8047-9701-cb49b92fba8d", "1c0cb37e-2a00-806c-81b6-e46d45dca786", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80db-ba09-e51dc8f5d765", "1c6cb37e-2a00-8089-9ae1-c8dda4bef503" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80df-abe5-df20e6fedd75", "name": "Jailbreak Resistance", "slug": "jailbreak-resistance", "description": "Develop techniques to ensure AI systems are resistant to \"jailbreaking\" or circumvention of built-in safety and control protocols.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-803f-99c4-c9a2cab82c6d" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80e0-91bd-c2d4a563a09f", "name": "Dexterous Robots", "slug": "dexterous-robots", "description": "Create advanced robot bodies that leverage novel materials, innovative design principles, and improved manufacturing and control techniques to enhance dexterity while reducing cost.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8092-a385-fc772ad0d330", "1c3cb37e-2a00-802b-a9d2-f04ff5ed14a9", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f8-89c8-f26f7dded10c", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80d8-b284-d2ef4cb486bf" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80e1-97d4-e0a987ddea8b", "name": "Laser Direct Write", "slug": "laser-direct-write", "description": "Employ laser direct writing techniques to pattern chips with high precision, offering an alternative to traditional lithographic methods.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80b1-b02a-f04d32ef3474" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80e1-b6bc-f977fe66bce1", "name": "Leverage Stem Cell and Genome Editing Technologies for De-Extinction", "slug": "leverage-stem-cell-and-genome-editing-technologies-for-de-extinction", "description": "Utilize cutting-edge stem cell and mammalian genome editing techniques to facilitate de-extinction and promote genetic diversity in repopulating ecosystems.\n\nAre we preserving the genomes of critically endangered species to enable future de-extinction?", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8071-a990-cdcb199a9183" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80e3-b8ec-e600634fff91", "name": "Targeted Experiments for Quantum Gravity", "slug": "targeted-experiments-for-quantum-gravity", "description": "Design and execute key experiments that probe quantum gravity phenomena without requiring massive accelerators, leveraging innovative, cost-effective approaches.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80f5-b65f-f7b54f8b9975", "1c0cb37e-2a00-801b-8a6b-e6e0f0517f33", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80ae-a113-c88810f5c72f", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8078-b921-d3ceca3dba75", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80b2-a2b8-e6d5a2dc4646", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80a8-99ff-d2e9a673eceb", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8072-96bd-f10fcff8908a", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80dc-9d13-ebac6b75d8ae", "22fcb37e-2a00-806a-9260-c2984a6c5af0" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80e5-8b02-c75fdf251d66", "name": "Digital Assembly", "slug": "digital-assembly", "description": "Use digital techniques to plan and assemble chip components, integrating computational design with physical fabrication.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80d2-ba2c-cdc4403b7a7b" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80e6-af8b-c49074411b80", "name": "Benchtop Particle Accelerators", "slug": "benchtop-particle-accelerators", "description": "Develop compact particle accelerators that can be operated on a benchtop scale, reducing both cost and size while retaining necessary performance for scientific and medical applications.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8031-8f44-ddeaa6efa13b", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80a1-b21d-d72624dc1b75", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80cc-be43-fa408be02074" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80e6-b691-e5ba37ae3436", "name": "Universal Robotic Construction Systems", "slug": "universal-robotic-construction-systems", "description": "Build the robots that build the robots. \n\nThe current paradigm of all automated manufacturing is for machines (from robot arms to presses) to make things smaller than themselves. This quickly runs into scaling limits etc. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80a1-b21d-d72624dc1b75", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8061-9da8-c584714de9be" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80e7-be9f-fd49fdd8cf7a", "name": "Planetary Sunshade Fundamentals", "slug": "planetary-sunshade-fundamentals", "description": "Understand whether a planetary sunshade could be viable", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80e7-bb5a-e8559e4ee2f5", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8013-9b53-e8505657821a" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk", "Safety Risk", "Governance/Ethics Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80eb-83a5-dd256b4bb042", "name": "Genomic Maps of Global Microbiomes", "slug": "genomic-maps-of-global-microbiomes", "description": "Develop comprehensive genomic mapping initiatives for global microbiomes to catalog species essential to Earth's biosphere and inform conservation efforts.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8065-b392-c4bac21d8db7", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80cc-8d16-fc03c4929bb8", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80ca-bc48-f6341bfb6f0e", "1f0cb37e-2a00-8085-a700-f42246da1e35" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80ec-81b3-fa62f2466b2f", "name": "Decentralized Training", "slug": "decentralized-training", "description": "Maintain decentralized control over large neural network training, like SETIatHome/Wikipedia for large language models, to equalize access. However, this also introduces some AI proliferation and control related risks.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8053-80a8-ff44967dfbae" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk", "Governance/Ethics Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80f2-902f-f0c88b808f31", "name": "Space Telescope Factory", "slug": "space-telescope-factory", "description": "Standardize a broadly capable design, and create a space telescope factory to produce modular components at scale, dramatically reducing the cost and time required for mission development.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8088-bceb-e2fa909d3d37", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80a1-8ddf-fb19d0b8b0ee" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80f2-a6e3-e4b3d8d9f275", "name": "Reinforcement Learning from Interactive Theorem Prover Feedback", "slug": "reinforcement-learning-from-interactive-theorem-prover-feedback", "description": "Close the loop between AI and human-guided interactive theorem provers by using reinforcement learning to refine proofs based on feedback from proof assistants.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80af-91cd-ef9102cb0e78", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8070-9bfd-f54f18cf49fe", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8085-b766-debcdd5681a0", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8021-a27f-fb0669e1223c", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80d1-be8d-ebdfc74db3f6", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8040-bde5-d930c655fd12", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c1-8fb4-dc5d80213ba4", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80bd-b9dd-e56b6e4389f7", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f6-9850-d35db01dd47f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80f4-a338-db68225eba34", "name": "Advanced Recycling Capabilities", "slug": "advanced-recycling-capabilities", "description": "Develop and scale advanced recycling methods, especially for plastics.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c9cb37e-2a00-802a-a0a9-c4ab627918e4", "1c9cb37e-2a00-8009-be85-c011cdf0f074" ], "tags": [ "Recycling" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80f6-8ca0-fac461706d54", "name": "Decihertz (~0.1 Hz) Gravitational Wave Detection", "slug": "decihertz-0.1-hz-gravitational-wave-detection", "description": "There are an exceptionally large number of compelling signals that live in this band, including: the elusive intermediate mass black holes, white dwarf mergers (putative SN Ia progenitor), tidal disruption events, high precession and eccentricity systems, neutron star merger early warning, and more.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8035-9f90-c5053e0bdeef" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80f6-98f0-eb07caafe9b7", "name": "Expand the Scope of Chip Fabs", "slug": "expand-the-scope-of-chip-fabs", "description": "Broaden the capabilities of existing chip fabrication facilities to produce a wider range of devices, potentially reducing costs and expanding functionality.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8088-8bec-c6429ed486f3", "1f0cb37e-2a00-807d-90ae-f0967125eca6" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80f6-a207-db619471de63", "name": "AI-Assisted Programming of Lab Robots", "slug": "ai-assisted-programming-of-lab-robots", "description": "Implement AI-assisted systems for programming and controlling lab robots to automate bioengineering workflows and reduce the reliance on manual processes.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8018-afab-fc99dca325ec" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80f7-9469-fe53fb428ee5", "name": "AI-Based Design of AI Chips", "slug": "ai-based-design-of-ai-chips", "description": "Use AI to design the next generation of hardware for AI.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-805e-afe5-fa48ecd318d0", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8016-99c1-fb7dbb1551b3" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk", "Safety Risk", "Governance/Ethics Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80f8-b488-cbdf3bab9c56", "name": "Tools to Predict and Contain Invasive Species ", "slug": "tools-to-predict-and-contain-invasive-species", "description": "Track and forecast the spread of invasive species and simulate containment strategies. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80ae-bbd6-fd678bcb6065", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80fd-a618-f12cdcbea724", "1c0cb37e-2a00-805a-8a38-daf6af5fa765" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80fa-bc8b-e009571ab054", "name": "Formally Verified Software Synthesis", "slug": "formally-verified-software-synthesis", "description": "Utilize formal verification techniques to synthesize software that is provably secure, reducing vulnerabilities and enhancing system robustness. Traditional programs in these areas have tended to assume that AI capabilities are saturating, leaving important avenues neglected. \n\nEfforts could break down into several key components: \n• Specification generation and validation tools\n• Code and proof generation systems\n• Tools that integrate formal verification into existing engineering workflows \n• Practical formalization structures that facilitate real-world adoption", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-804c-a69f-fc28c8cb7ed2", "1c3cb37e-2a00-805c-b44d-c86eb322cdcf", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80bc-8312-d09150c4b24b", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8064-8305-d8bdf22df8c1", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8057-a47f-f2542162a7b1", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80cc-a0ff-dfd0f8957124", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ce-875e-f625e8e7edb0", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8071-ab67-db872bdf7416", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8071-bc11-ec9491eab338", "1c3cb37e-2a00-809b-a584-dddd69a075f4", "1c3cb37e-2a00-809c-ae85-c58d50bc1bd1", "1c3cb37e-2a00-807a-9854-c5e58390a28f", "1c3cb37e-2a00-805b-b9ab-f5434247ee75", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8076-a845-ea0882cc1291", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8009-8734-caa8746f3ccc", "1c3cb37e-2a00-803c-9da6-fdc61f7285dd", "1e7cb37e-2a00-80a7-875e-da954bc42a60", "216cb37e-2a00-807a-8bbd-f2e54cd000dc", "216cb37e-2a00-800d-94ba-db4ce597a716" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80fb-a999-c3565dccfc13", "name": "Safely Testing Emergency Atmospheric Interventions", "slug": "safely-testing-emergency-atmospheric-interventions", "description": "Conduct controlled, scaled experiments to validate the basic science and engineering principles behind emergency climate interventions such as sunlight reflection modification and atmospheric methane removal.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80a7-903a-eb2e1e4a29fb", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8001-8e4e-e980dc7a5e46", "1c3cb37e-2a00-806c-bfbf-d33e1d085902" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80fd-a2db-ff18db8be27a", "name": "Fine-Grained Impact Modeling and Response", "slug": "fine-grained-impact-modeling-and-response", "description": "Develop detailed models that capture the local impacts of climate change (e.g., heatwaves) and implement responsive strategies to minimize harm and adapt to changing conditions.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8053-b7d4-c9f40ebcb02e", "216cb37e-2a00-8045-971c-c093a33879f9" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c2cb37e-2a00-80ff-a32a-ccdab49abf1f", "name": "Pollination Network Monitoring and Recovery", "slug": "pollination-network-monitoring-and-recovery", "description": "Secure and restore pollination services critical to food systems and biodiversity. This involves:\n\n• Building ecological models that map plant–pollinator interactions and forecast vulnerability or collapse points.\n• Deploying global pollinator monitoring systems using visual, acoustic, and eDNA sensors paired with AI to track pollinator diversity and behavior.\n• Designing landscape-level interventions such as habitat corridors, floral resource planning, and pesticide regulations to boost wild pollinator recovery.\n\nPollination is critical for food systems and biodiversity, yet global pollinator populations are in sharp decline, and we lack robust ways to track, model, or supplement pollination services at scale. We need to: \n\n• Build ecological models that map plant–pollinator interactions and predict vulnerability or collapse points.\n• Deploy global pollinator monitoring infrastructure: networks of sensors (visual, acoustic, eDNA) and AI models to monitor pollinator presence, diversity, and behavior across ecosystems and crop systems\n• Design and deploy landscape-Level Interventions for Pollinator Recovery: large-scale habitat corridors, floral resource planning, and pesticide regulations to recover wild pollinators.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8051-be3d-c9f7fa890d28", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8096-b4d5-cc74aaa4337c" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-8005-8bbe-fe3e4de307ea", "name": "Self-Administrable Nasal Sprays", "slug": "self-administrable-nasal-sprays", "description": "Develop nasal sprays that could be applied daily for broad-spectrum protection against respiratory pathogens", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8077-b13a-ddc69af9b698", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80bb-ba9d-e7a36cc2abde" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-8006-bdb3-ec0051f89b70", "name": "Advanced Imaging of Natural Nanostructures", "slug": "advanced-imaging-of-natural-nanostructures", "description": "Deploy cutting-edge imaging techniques to capture high-resolution details of natural nanostructures, revealing new insights into their form and function.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80c5-a99a-d133af03fdb2" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-8007-9ae2-c88136304ae8", "name": "Understand Ancient Proteins", "slug": "understand-ancient-proteins", "description": "Systematically testing functions of ancient proteins 3800 to 50 Mya to understand ancient biochemical capabilities and environmental constraints, informing evolutionary ecology.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-80a6-8132-c46904e6914d" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-8008-a821-e606c69ab239", "name": "Universal Detection and Modulation of the Host Response to Infections", "slug": "universal-detection-and-modulation-of-the-host-response-to-infections", "description": "Technologies to detect and modulate the host immune response across a broad range of infections to improve patient outcomes and treatment strategies.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-803b-b5b1-d47f16bc0960", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80bf-9ddf-c6c813a8d9d5", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8016-87aa-e58cb2013143" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-8014-b206-c973af2009be", "name": "Enhanced Epidemiology and Epidemic Tracking", "slug": "enhanced-epidemiology-and-epidemic-tracking", "description": "Improve epidemic surveillance and modeling by integrating data from multiple sources for timely, actionable insights.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8006-acc6-e9d50a780110", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8005-b136-f7d01ef3245a", "1c3cb37e-2a00-803b-b8ef-ca3b12fca9db", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8066-a0c3-d4694ac456ca", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80fe-ba19-c317b56217fa" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-8020-9022-fbf332f10d35", "name": "Large-Scale Economic Experiments in Multiplayer Games", "slug": "large-scale-economic-experiments-in-multiplayer-games", "description": "Utilize multiplayer online games as testbeds for large-scale economic experiments, enabling controlled studies of human behavior in dynamic environments.", "gaps": [], "resources": [], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-8023-a74b-d0f38b2b559e", "name": "Real-World SimCity with AI Agents", "slug": "real-world-simcity-with-ai-agents", "description": "Create complex simulation models using AI agents that mimic real-world economic dynamics, providing a richer framework for policy analysis.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8056-b07c-c748002f937f", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80db-b8d7-fe2e0cdbf74d", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8029-9e94-f4b7be37136d", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ef-a0bc-f25214a7354c", "22fcb37e-2a00-8098-b297-cd0797405c26", "22fcb37e-2a00-8080-9be9-ce70d502224f", "22fcb37e-2a00-80ba-84da-f5f05ab24580" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-8023-b6d2-c5bbb41599d3", "name": "Early Warning Signs for Human Disempowerment", "slug": "early-warning-signs-for-human-disempowerment", "description": "Tools to forecast and monitor key thresholds or tipping points beyond which human influence becomes critically compromised, and the ability to measure effectiveness of intervention strategies.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-804d-bf7a-e4327f5f6a33" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-8024-94cd-eb132988955f", "name": "Directed Work on Biological Approaches", "slug": "directed-work-on-biological-approaches", "description": "Initiate dedicated research into biological terraforming strategies that utilize living organisms to modify planetary environments.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-806e-8d09-cd840ce979b0" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-802d-ad17-d21dc66f5e67", "name": "Rapidly Adaptable Rapid Test Platforms ", "slug": "rapidly-adaptable-rapid-test-platforms", "description": "Develop rapid test platforms that can be reconfigured within days or weeks for emerging pathogens, enabling quick self-testing during a pandemic. 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For olfaction see: https://www.osmo.ai/ \n ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f5-ac09-dad020089d19", "1c3cb37e-2a00-809e-80a7-d8e19d2ca265", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b6-bc73-c0ade3936944", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80cb-bfd0-cfdec2b5290b", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ce-824a-fffbec562e25", "1cccb37e-2a00-80bf-b146-c2b8769a4dd4", "1d6cb37e-2a00-803a-ab96-c8030e8cb472" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-805b-823e-e81416816f79", "name": "Contextualization Engines", "slug": "contextualization-engines", "description": "Develop systems that provide context to content, helping users understand the broader background and counteract misinformation without censorship.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-80c5-90d3-d99645dd3230" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-805c-a65f-dcfa630b1b7e", "name": "Volatilomics for Early Detection", "slug": "volatilomics-for-early-detection", "description": "Utilize the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as an early detection tool to identify pathogenic outbreaks.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8071-aebd-cdefe11a3eb9", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8037-a8dc-e015accaf73f", "1c8cb37e-2a00-803e-a7a7-e309e720ef10" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-8061-b5a1-dc7103f30fe3", "name": "In-Situ Resource Utilization", "slug": "in-situ-resource-utilization", "description": "Everything from mining the moon and using those resources to build things in space to fuel etc etc", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f2-ad92-dad4135115e2", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ab-98cf-c0ab274fe9a3", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8009-8625-e0b50cc439a4" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-8062-819f-d3e6f4453f9e", "name": "Long-Run Followups on Major Economic Studies", "slug": "long-run-followups-on-major-economic-studies", "description": "Most major economic studies include data collection for 1-2 years, but the outcomes (e.g. education, child health) could plausibly impact large sections of one’s life.  There is little funding for followups on existing studies.", "gaps": [], "resources": [], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-8063-8590-dfcf7456e758", "name": "Interstellar Probes", "slug": "interstellar-probes", "description": "Invest in the development of interstellar probe technologies that can traverse vast distances, opening the door to exploration beyond our solar system.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80dd-9bd0-fd7c8639f20b", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80a9-9ff0-cd8b4f6e6b40" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-8063-a343-f0c191624910", "name": "Novel Methods for Rapid Antibody or Antibody-Like Molecule Discovery", "slug": "novel-methods-for-rapid-antibody-or-antibody-like-molecule-discovery", "description": "Use technologies such as rapid B-cell sorting and computational design to quickly characterize and discover antibodies and antibody-like molecules to combat emerging biosecurity threats.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8054-9b77-d36fe60eaf85", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c3-b988-eec18f689d32" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-806b-97a6-ddf1ecee3ed6", "name": "Emerging Bio-Threat Forensics", "slug": "emerging-bio-threat-forensics", "description": "Capabilities to determine the geographical source of bio-threats and whether they stem from natural sources or human activity. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-803a-956a-d20b8bc31faf", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b8-85e7-c376b58b21e9" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-806c-a3cf-f293481902b8", "name": "Tools for Deliberative Democracy", "slug": "tools-for-deliberative-democracy", "description": "Develop AI-driven platforms that facilitate deliberative democracy by aggregating diverse perspectives, advancing community moderation, and guiding public decision-making processes to move beyond corporate and partisan pressures.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8058-ae51-eb0181e90520", "1c3cb37e-2a00-800b-8586-f1d995d462d9", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8040-b04b-f0313c1f496d", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80e6-a221-ecada3c3abac", "1c3cb37e-2a00-805b-8bd6-e0ef0b57642f", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80cb-b608-f63cb30b22af", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f2-9a0f-d598eec1ab3d", "1c3cb37e-2a00-808b-b481-c5b671ecc9fe", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8090-831d-fa28f3c0db10", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8036-9c8b-f1afe623556d", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8033-b410-ec420dcdb6a3", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c3-8e11-c6b067f694c2", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80d3-b0a3-d0f75a589d17", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c9-b470-e46eaf778bc5", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80d7-b63f-c93a62f7d09c", "1c3cb37e-2a00-805a-8199-d4018abd837f", "1cccb37e-2a00-807e-b762-fecdf6b1ac8b", "1f0cb37e-2a00-80db-96c1-c19bbc785045", "1f0cb37e-2a00-80eb-9949-c79bacfbe5bd", "216cb37e-2a00-8095-bc99-f902b5ee111a", "216cb37e-2a00-8035-a878-e1adb8e2321c", "216cb37e-2a00-80f7-b7bb-cc5cf283f546" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-806e-ad6e-cab9270d32f9", "name": "Model Radical Economic Transformations", "slug": "model-radical-economic-transformations", "description": "Develop simulation models to explore scenarios of profound economic change to help plan for disruptive shifts. 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"gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8035-b399-f5002148223d", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f2-9cd8-e53e8fb43b2a" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-808f-9622-e31df00ada7b", "name": "Invent New Decentralized Coordination and Contract Mechanisms", "slug": "invent-new-decentralized-coordination-and-contract-mechanisms", "description": "Design and implement novel, decentralized models for public goods allocation and cooperation that overcome existing systemic inefficiencies.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ab-8449-d28b46d9bf70", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8092-a9c5-d684d7b7f5bf", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80d0-b581-e5335ae72121", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8091-a337-c3973d7d3a0b", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8071-8df8-c1e4caa55859", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80a0-8f8d-eabe719e943b", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80aa-86e6-c4e104bbd4e8", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8013-af60-eda2babda1b7", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8081-bb14-e2409ded3764" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-8092-9907-ea3ab9c2cfc7", "name": "Novel Vaccine Technologies", "slug": 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protect against infection.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8006-b39a-df340024c5c8", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c3-9e6e-c234c1b20cf2", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80bd-9dde-c2dbe808acf4" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80a3-9617-dc436a21a54a", "name": "Interventions for Maintaining Human Oversight", "slug": "interventions-for-maintaining-human-oversight", "description": "Develop direct interventions for preventing accumulation of excessive AI influence: \n• Regulatory frameworks mandating human oversight for critical decisions, limiting AI autonomy in specific domains, and restricting AI ownership of assets or participation in markets\n• Progressive taxation of AI-generated revenues both to redistribute resources to humans and to subsidize human participation in key sectors\n• Cultural norms supporting human agency and influence, and opposing AI that is overly autonomous or insufficiently accountable", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-804d-bf7a-e4327f5f6a33" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80a5-83fa-e62903176489", "name": "Rake Ancient Lunar Regolith - “Earth’s Attic” - to Find Fragments of Hadean Rock from Earth", "slug": "rake-ancient-lunar-regolith-earths-attic-to-find-fragments-of-hadean-rock-from-earth", "description": "No rock survives from the Hadean - but that is because Earth has plate tectonics. Statistically, there must be Hadean rocks waiting on ancient Lunar terrains for us to find (just as there are abundant Lunar meteorites on Earth). A plausible Earth mineral has already been identified in Apollo samples (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012821X19300202). They will be easy to spot due to their distinct mineralogy (and color). However, raking through the Lunar regolith to find them is tedious work, beyond the patience of astronauts - but not beyond the patience of robots. This is a NASA science goal, but it is undervalued, due to the intense focus on Lunar resources.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80a3-b455-c610cdecd74a", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80a9-9ff0-cd8b4f6e6b40" ], "tags": [ "Origin of Life" ] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80a8-81d1-f9356323833d", "name": "Massive-Scale Search and Screening of Hadean Zircons", "slug": "massive-scale-search-and-screening-of-hadean-zircons", "description": "Almost all our knowledge of Hadean Earth comes from Hadean zircons, the “black-box recorder” of minerals. Zircons can incorporate small amounts of the ancient ocean . All known Hadean zircons come from a single site, and they are gathered artisanally by individual graduate students. The solution is to search for more Hadean zircons with the steady, systematic approach of (for example) a diamond company, and then screen massive numbers of zircons for ocean and atmosphere data.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80e9-805e-f9e48d1caaf0", "1c3cb37e-2a00-802e-b375-d7293613eb72" ], "tags": [ "Origin of Life" ] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b1-9ac6-f1b8237d9521", "name": "Pressurizing Technology or Habitation Domes", "slug": "pressurizing-technology-or-habitation-domes", "description": "Methods to pressurize large surface areas or positive pressure habitation domes will be necessary for living most places off earth.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b9-aba3-d4ca80a9e66a" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b4-bea0-c9314c934760", "name": "Satellite and Machine Learning-Enabled Archaeology", "slug": "satellite-and-machine-learning-enabled-archaeology", "description": "Apply satellite imagery and ML techniques to modernize archaeological surveys and analysis, enabling more rapid and systematic discoveries.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8036-abb1-c23e7c020418", "1c3cb37e-2a00-803d-9547-fd4eabdc4726" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b5-8c03-f4525550cb12", "name": "Modernize Survey Infrastructure", "slug": "modernize-survey-infrastructure", "description": "Develop modern, scalable survey platforms that can efficiently capture and analyze public opinion data and other qualitative data for social sciences. New tools are needed to collect, analyze, curate, and model large-scale qualitative data.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-807a-adb5-f9124675a26c", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8058-ae51-eb0181e90520", "1c3cb37e-2a00-800b-8586-f1d995d462d9", "1c3cb37e-2a00-809f-81ff-c6b51ca32594", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80d4-8580-c7e4501f070f", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ff-83fc-db9637900506", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b7-8a94-f3dd8c126da7", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8041-b61f-c93e78297527", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8071-b558-e5fa4df9f32a", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ad-b395-dbc0118c1497" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b6-95ba-e9105ec21743", "name": "Metrics to Track Human Influence", "slug": "metrics-to-track-human-influence", "description": "We need comprehensive methods to detect and quantify human disempowerment including economic, cultural, and political metrics as well as research and education.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-804d-bf7a-e4327f5f6a33", "1cccb37e-2a00-8022-8b9f-e37f79615cdf" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80bd-abd8-c924eccbff2f", "name": "Privacy Preserving Identity Verification", "slug": "privacy-preserving-identity-verification", "description": "Robust identity verification systems that safeguard personal privacy.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c9-a95c-f8545de727b5", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8001-a2d7-d2c6fa304ca8", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8040-8fc2-cacd94050e98", "22fcb37e-2a00-80bb-9858-d9d4a2875bbd", "22fcb37e-2a00-804c-bd15-c1a1fc55bf19", "22fcb37e-2a00-80cb-8fd3-c9197230e9a5" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80bf-af77-e2b1e8c8c2e0", "name": "Complex Systems Simulation Techniques for Economics", "slug": "complex-systems-simulation-techniques-for-economics", "description": "Utilize techniques from chaos and complex systems theory to develop more realistic economic models that account for non-linear dynamics.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-806d-b17b-d3787ea0d870", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8052-8094-fc2a223e4009", "1c3cb37e-2a00-806d-b8eb-df85258430d5", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ea-9373-f1497c289dc8" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c0-86ba-fd683a74a625", "name": "Incentives for Verification and Accountability", "slug": "incentives-for-verification-and-accountability", "description": "Create market-based mechanisms that incentivize accurate fact-checking and hold sources accountable.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-803e-ba01-cb6a419ab3c4", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8092-b489-e935bec8940f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c2-b5c6-c2ef9f128a0c", "name": "Watermarking AI Generated Protein Sequences", "slug": "watermarking-ai-generated-protein-sequences", "description": "Develop embedded watermarks in generative protein models to promote traceability of engineered sequences.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-801b-94f6-dcb7253f6bca", "1fccb37e-2a00-8052-94b4-eea773d16858" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c4-992a-d9b1e7e9748d", "name": "Digital Tutor Technologies", "slug": "digital-tutor-technologies", "description": "Develop sophisticated digital tutor systems that offer personalized learning assistance by adapting to individual learning styles using AI.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-805f-bab8-f304a3c5007d", "1c3cb37e-2a00-809e-91fe-e5d482e31437", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8042-b70b-f961d09acd46", "1c3cb37e-2a00-807e-a517-f28d7add5655" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80cd-8236-fc854c493289", "name": "Trustless DNA Synthesis Screening", "slug": "trustless-dna-synthesis-screening", "description": "Implement advanced, potentially cryptographic (where appropriate), and/or adversarial AI-based DNA synthesis screening methods to prevent misuse and ensure biosecurity.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-802d-b385-d375d3202bec", "1c3cb37e-2a00-807e-bb44-e74bbc238a02", "1c3cb37e-2a00-802c-9817-c25b0e341e1e" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80d4-b84d-d16c67dced35", "name": "Optimize Circular and Robust Supply Chains", "slug": "optimize-circular-and-robust-supply-chains", "description": "Adopt circular economy principles and advanced design strategies to build more resilient, robust, and sustainable supply chains.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-807c-95a6-fd8ce3f8ea55", "1c6cb37e-2a00-80b6-be2a-eb4cebc540cf" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80d9-9aaa-fadc0ce5db08", "name": "Air Breathing Fusion for Single-Stage-to-Orbit Vehicle", "slug": "air-breathing-fusion-for-single-stage-to-orbit-vehicle", "description": "Air breathing fusion to propel single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicles for a single-stage, reusable spaceplane.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f6-a4d0-e4b40b67ce75" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80da-83db-c653aed8ea20", "name": "New Architectures for Learning Assistance", "slug": "new-architectures-for-learning-assistance", "description": "Explore novel architectures and settings for AI assisted learning", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80dc-b691-e291b18643ff" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80dd-926c-ec8f8c925cf2", "name": "Fine-Grained Economic Modeling of Policy Options", "slug": "fine-grained-economic-modeling-of-policy-options", "description": "Develop detailed economic models to better assess the costs and benefits of different bio-threat interventions and inform policy decisions.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8017-b93c-c48693baa8f0" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80de-9d21-f9456cf622c4", "name": "Digital Tools for Educators and School Districts", "slug": "digital-tools-for-educators-and-school-districts", "description": "Tools for lesson planning and administrative tasks. Tools for administration of school systems, including managing resource distribution.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-800a-85de-d7b774b811f7" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80df-a75c-eb2a4f073153", "name": "Structured Transparency", "slug": "structured-transparency", "description": "Implement frameworks that allow actors to reduce collaboration risks and costs by defining and enforcing precise flows of information. This allows a larger negotiating space for strategic actors dealing with advanced technologies. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8016-9b65-dc756cc8734b" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80e3-887b-ea30b2e7b27d", "name": "Built Environment Protection", "slug": "built-environment-protection", "description": "Enhance indoor environmental controls to reduce pathogen transmission through advanced sensor networks, UV/opto-acoustic disinfection, and improved HVAC systems.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8032-9416-c778262316c8", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8029-b3ed-c9b0b460cc34", "1c3cb37e-2a00-803f-bb47-d472d3ef227c", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f7-b1dd-c4c579ce8cc8", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c7-885d-df5ed6e990e9", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ae-82ac-f78e8abe912d" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80e3-bfbd-f6722332930c", "name": "Improved Voting and Auditing Protocols", "slug": "improved-voting-and-auditing-protocols", "description": "Develop next-generation voting systems and auditing protocols that are secure, transparent, and capable of supporting robust collective decision-making.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-801b-a07e-ff93729d3f00", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80d5-8ac6-f2605243da3e", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8088-8f98-ce47385c2dcf", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80d0-9c37-f5abd732f91f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80e4-a29e-f4a415ee535c", "name": "Early Detection via Sequencing", "slug": "early-detection-via-sequencing", "description": "Deploy comprehensive sequencing-based early warning systems to rapidly detect and attribute emerging bio-threats. It is important to distinguish detection of known pathogens (easy to find in sequencing data) vs. previously unknown ones (hard).", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8051-9a1d-fb22d5cf7843", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8047-8228-f6e996e7cc1f", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8048-8c50-fb415e18c008", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c5-a861-c34a68bb6dc4", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ab-95c0-e8e10f2616be", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b7-a784-d5147838175a", "1c6cb37e-2a00-8049-a669-f7938f09d483", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8084-8c7c-db05d3a13d8a", "1ffcb37e-2a00-8050-8951-e8cf48a914ed" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ec-b33e-f94f3ae319c0", "name": "Prediction Markets and AI-Based Forecasting", "slug": "prediction-markets-and-ai-based-forecasting", "description": "Develop and refine prediction markets augmented by AI to improve future forecasting accuracy and better inform policy decisions.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8067-a6ff-e8dbba170a01", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8010-8c94-f62de6643739", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b6-9232-e68fa3f53873", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8065-aaee-cc545112a230", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80d9-9eae-fff0068665f0", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80be-bb6e-f8c24e2eb04c", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8030-a23b-d65923a84fa5", "1f0cb37e-2a00-800f-954d-ea43b6ba18f1", "1f0cb37e-2a00-8050-87f9-c3184ab2d245", "1f0cb37e-2a00-805b-90ad-ff288d9e3888", "1f0cb37e-2a00-80d2-873a-e31ced59567d" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ed-a19e-d545fb316961", "name": "Content Curation Tools", "slug": "content-curation-tools", "description": "Develop tools that empower users to both create personalized information streams and collaboratively curate content. \nUsers can set up custom feeds—filtered by semantic content, social network data, and engagement signals—to tailor the information they receive. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-8029-9a46-c107b342ce94", "1c3cb37e-2a00-800f-a42f-e55c98ffcb8f", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8005-9547-f2669130f420", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8023-92e0-f39cc587ca0b", "1c3cb37e-2a00-806f-8a23-c07855b4fe62" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ed-afe8-d2d72d41d0aa", "name": "Prototype Medical Countermeasures", "slug": "prototype-medical-countermeasures", "description": "Develop prototype vaccines or therapeutics for viruses in each viral family that infects humans, to be rapidly adapted for the next pandemic.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8019-a8f7-f31ac8e334f8", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8057-ba1d-fb7debd8c4f8", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8047-8236-c0acc14f3a77", "1c3cb37e-2a00-803d-9427-e186833eec1f", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ec-9d4d-d64d3b59f7a4" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ee-a5be-fe6e7252ca2a", "name": "Transmission Reduction Through Surfaces and Textiles", "slug": "transmission-reduction-through-surfaces-and-textiles", "description": "Innovate new materials and coatings for surfaces and textiles that actively reduce pathogen viability and transmission.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8030-b514-ec299b40e55f", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80a1-8cf1-e2302585efda" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80ef-81be-ce8d7ff459db", "name": "Dense Ocean DNA Sampling", "slug": "dense-ocean-dna-sampling", "description": "Implement dense, systematic DNA sampling in diverse ocean environments—especially areas with sharp gradients in temperature, depth, salinity, and pH (such as reefs, deep trenches, and hydrothermal vents)—to uncover new species and biological insights.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-8049-b3c0-ef5ac51644ad", "1c0cb37e-2a00-80a8-a68c-c4a5812d314e" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f5-b71c-f54a5fb5504a", "name": "Improved Observatory of the Information Environment", "slug": "improved-observatory-of-the-information-environment", "description": "Build centralized platforms to monitor and analyze the information ecosystem, enabling better identification of misinformation trends.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80d9-a4eb-d3a50a51fa20", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80a1-b4fc-c7482ac088bc", "1c3cb37e-2a00-809f-9b64-de611953510d", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80cb-b754-e1a1e8adccec", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8029-8364-da916ff144cb", "1c3cb37e-2a00-805c-9ce7-fc8e982b7d83", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80d7-9b69-cc8752e54680", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8097-8394-c07229eabae8" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f7-97b9-d80fafddabfd", "name": "Better PPE", "slug": "better-ppe", "description": "Develop next-generation, affordable, high-performance personal protective equipment to reduce transmission risks.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8015-a9aa-c5e1eddd73cf", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8030-a9eb-ec91c147c501", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8073-90b5-ca24093edbf0", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8011-8d7e-e264eb048a11", "1c3cb37e-2a00-805b-9b27-df0427df1a7e" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80f7-b6e9-e06114fdf9e6", "name": "Enhance Operational Approaches in Development Economics", "slug": "enhance-operational-approaches-in-development-economics", "description": "Bridge the translational research gap by adopting more operational, nonacademic approaches to development economics, moving beyond traditional models like JPAL.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8063-a315-cbf1df0c7905", "1c3cb37e-2a00-806d-9306-e34c854e3591", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80a3-89a7-f7c5e267c536", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8079-bd84-c3128349aa7f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c3cb37e-2a00-80fa-b511-e48564667c48", "name": "Decentralized, Low-Resource Vaccine Production", "slug": "decentralized-low-resource-vaccine-production", "description": "Establish scalable, decentralized vaccine production systems to rapidly deploy immunizations during outbreaks, reducing reliance on centralized facilities.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c6cb37e-2a00-8097-92fe-d456adef7427", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80b5-b523-c56d83dfceb5", "1c3cb37e-2a00-804d-8917-deb622c81b1a" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-8003-9a14-d43d9eafa0f0", "name": "Create an Internet Archive for Critical Data", "slug": "create-an-internet-archive-for-critical-data", "description": "Establish initiatives to systematically archive and preserve essential datasets from proprietary platforms, ensuring long-term accessibility and reproducibility.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-8062-8023-fbe741874ff3", "1c7cb37e-2a00-802b-8511-fb8733c363de" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-8013-82fa-efbd8086d874", "name": "Multiplexed Molecular Diagnostic Platforms", "slug": "multiplexed-molecular-diagnostic-platforms", "description": "Develop rapid, integrated diagnostic tests for many diseases at once that are low cost.\n \nFrom Jacob Trefethen’s essay:\n“I would count success in the diagnostic row as: a multiplex diagnostic for at least 3 pathogens (i.e. flu + COVID does not count), available over the counter for use at home. Either a respiratory panel (e.g. flu + COVID + strep throat) or a fever panel (e.g. malaria + dengue + typhoid) would count. An at-home multiplex STI panel would be great (e.g. chlamydia + gonorrhea + syphilis)”.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-807a-b1ba-e10343a0bba3", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8083-8b72-e912dafc4877", "22fcb37e-2a00-80c2-8eb1-f5407f849083" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-801a-bec0-d048c8d745af", "name": "Improved Modeled Intervention Strategies", "slug": "improved-modeled-intervention-strategies", "description": "Advance public health by creating better models and strategies for intervention, integrating data-driven insights to inform policy and practice.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8065-8e5c-e3100c91b97a", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80fe-9416-e91e685ba5f3" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-801b-b0df-db9928460a72", "name": "Federated Data Approaches", "slug": "federated-data-approaches", "description": "Implement federated data and differential privacy systems to aggregate clinical trial data from multiple sites while ensuring patient privacy.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c0-8764-e067a9b06d6c", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8043-8b90-fb6ffafe9102", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80e5-8021-dff7341db147", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8083-b318-dd93cc2be2f5" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-801e-96ef-c03df8d69833", "name": "Decentralized Science Funding", "slug": "decentralized-science-funding", "description": "Diversify who can be a funder of science by launching new fast grants-style programs. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8094-9131-ed1d6ade156f", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8003-9448-ce17baafb4f5", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8022-b862-fc96841ed72f", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8059-b453-d1f7c1de089b", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80bc-97a6-c69da8242b08", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8011-aef8-e2c0a6d46725" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-8038-9f8a-e18059923bf7", "name": "Infrastructure for Research Curation", "slug": "infrastructure-for-research-curation", "description": "Infrastructure to support and incentivize the diverse curation of research through science social media and/or dedicated spaces. This infrastructure would support rapid dissemination of research and encourage broader exploration of the research landscape, mitigating the risk of homogenous research focus, and maladaptive collective attention patterns in science.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-80fd-9766-e9cbf65b0e86", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8069-b7e6-d9cae4e87566", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8085-9a0c-ea06bf1b14e2", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8041-8d0d-f4b087d4f7c1", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8072-8240-cf91b68287e9", "1c7cb37e-2a00-80fc-aa8c-eb51ac5b69ec", "1c7cb37e-2a00-80ea-a912-eb37108088f3", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c5-8688-d0574d36dc30" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-803a-a33e-d146c8783c98", "name": "Frugal Science Initiatives", "slug": "frugal-science-initiatives", "description": "Promote and support frugal science projects that empower communities worldwide to participate in scientific research, especially in developing countries.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-80f6-af5e-c790faf27295" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-803b-b89f-c5094b5dfd83", "name": "Disrupt Traditional Publishing Models", "slug": "disrupt-traditional-publishing-models", "description": "Support modern, open, and community-driven publishing platforms that challenge and replace outdated models.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-800b-a26a-fcc309b487b0", "1c7cb37e-2a00-80c0-8ee7-e254a490551d", "1c7cb37e-2a00-80cc-a813-e5c309ce341d" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-803f-beeb-c7c0b19f4cd7", "name": "Novel and Diverse Research Organization Structures ", "slug": "novel-and-diverse-research-organization-structures", "description": "We should design research institutions to support the particular kinds of research they need to house, not fit every square peg into the same round hole.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-803b-a884-f1d828cdc8ce", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8055-8cc8-fff71d08a1e9", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8011-b639-e45b6120465b" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-8048-96c1-e7cb85103c80", "name": "New Protocols for Knowledge Production and Verification", "slug": "new-protocols-for-knowledge-production-and-verification", "description": "Combination of new tools and norms that are situated outside of the traditional publishing pipeline: protocols  for empowering and recognizing citizen science on social media. New practices around micro/nanopublishing to lower the barrier to publishing", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-80d6-9143-eb048161a926", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8069-b7e6-d9cae4e87566", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8028-aa9e-fcc30075f576" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-8056-8855-f053debb8e30", "name": "Cost Effectiveness and Techno-Economics Calculations", "slug": "cost-effectiveness-and-techno-economics-calculations", "description": "Make it easier to calculate cost effectiveness of interventions without a large staff through AI assisted methods", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-80c5-8452-dba13e693b21", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8012-9f2d-c4f458f8ac12" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-8056-9873-ea134135ee94", "name": "Point of Care Diagnostics for Lead Testing", "slug": "point-of-care-diagnostics-for-lead-testing", "description": "Lead exposure remains a critical but under-addressed public health challenge. Approximately 1 in 3 children globally have toxic levels of lead in their bloodstream, leading to developmental delays, cognitive impairment, and increased risk of chronic diseases. However, as it stands most countries do not do comprehensive, routine surveillance of blood lead levels. This is because the primary method for blood lead surveillance is costly and inconvenient.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8048-98bb-c121c093ecae" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-8056-a4df-f9f5c21235c5", "name": "Enhanced Sanitation Solutions", "slug": "enhanced-sanitation-solutions", "description": "Innovate and scale sanitation technologies to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene, to reduce disease transmission.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8061-bf25-f947f8dcd2cb" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-8057-8c61-c5453214d1a0", "name": "Automated Scientific Fraud Detection", "slug": "automated-scientific-fraud-detection", "description": "Develop AI and multimodal LLM systems to automatically detect fraudulent research, flag suspicious publications, and improve overall scientific integrity.\n\nEspecially as rapid advancements in AI models make it feasible to generate inaccurate scientific content at scale to disrupt.\n", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-80cd-9b93-cab11745dae1", "1c7cb37e-2a00-80b0-8112-c37d300493f1", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8097-8dbb-e3487f77fbca", "1c7cb37e-2a00-80fd-bce6-fcf84f82fd1f", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8026-9230-f850a1d441d1", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8004-8b98-fb8ec97b9a09", "1c7cb37e-2a00-80c3-ad6f-d0dedd144670", "1c7cb37e-2a00-80c8-a293-fe658dd2ea3b", "1c7cb37e-2a00-804f-849c-cb3943bc2408", "1c7cb37e-2a00-80a7-8281-c9e5139098fc", "1c7cb37e-2a00-804d-94e8-de06f7455489" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-805d-8fcc-e75f3d0c3201", "name": "Out-of-Clinic Studies", "slug": "out-of-clinic-studies", "description": "Promote studies conducted outside traditional clinical settings to gather real-world evidence more effectively.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-80dd-a102-cc1581fa5d2a", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80ef-a91a-e83020c733c1" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-8061-a74c-f427a8541c44", "name": "Increase Predictive Validation of Early Studies", "slug": "increase-predictive-validation-of-early-studies", "description": "Enhance early clinical studies by integrating predictive validation techniques to forecast outcomes and optimize trial design.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-8079-9d03-c0872be78355", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8081-a86d-fece22d1f69a", "1c7cb37e-2a00-806e-a8b8-db576bcabe50", "1c7cb37e-2a00-800d-b47f-dc27da29e006", "1c3cb37e-2a00-805a-9b95-df557d88f8fd", "1c3cb37e-2a00-806b-9ebb-ebe04221f72f", "1c9cb37e-2a00-8050-8b70-e787e1567ad0", "1c9cb37e-2a00-8085-a54e-fbc398cc6d2f" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-8084-a621-f55ac259c6b8", "name": "Intelligent Databases", "slug": "intelligent-databases", "description": "Intelligent databases and automatic probabilistic integration across multiple databases", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-8041-a752-c271c03b6612" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-809e-8052-f9515d089115", "name": "Quasi-Experimental Causality in Biomedical Research", "slug": "quasi-experimental-causality-in-biomedical-research", "description": "Apply quasi-experimental designs to strengthen causal inference in clinical studies, improving evidence quality, and do this for wider and more unified datasets (e.g., existing medical records) and across many conditions, e.g., combined with federated data approaches.\n\nHistorically it has taken 5-10 years for advanced methods to percolate into relevant areas of omics / biotechnology x clinical area. It is also changing a culture of thinking — that there exists a different kind of validation that is neither 'do a perfect experiment' nor 'I tested on an external hold-out' but a third thing.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c3cb37e-2a00-8010-9313-dc7e6173e1e1", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8028-af2d-f2757d6d9c9e" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-809f-b187-c169c5c789f9", "name": "Effective Vaccines for Global Health Challenges", "slug": "effective-vaccines-for-global-health-challenges", "description": "Accelerate clinical trials and support research into novel vaccine technologies that can be distributed in low-resource settings, especially those that do not require cold chain.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8000-8667-c9466951c5d8", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8034-b3e8-ea4590ece68b", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80d7-9aec-cce331acf7cf", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80d3-867e-d3fb3a1fe2ee", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8050-9e28-e7550fcf29ac", "1f0cb37e-2a00-807b-b90d-c617396032ba" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-80a2-8933-dedaa4b8a3da", "name": "Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Chronic Infections", "slug": "novel-therapeutic-approaches-for-chronic-infections", "description": "New treatments for chronic infections (e.g., achieving a functional cure for hepatitis B) and novel monoclonal antibodies for diseases such as malaria.\n\nNew formulations (e.g., one time dose time release delivery) could improve delivery and compliance in low resource settings.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8034-b3e8-ea4590ece68b", "1c8cb37e-2a00-803e-a174-fedd2f127bee", "1c8cb37e-2a00-809e-a9e9-f3f15dc839f0", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80b4-a18b-e6be2f81cb2c", "1c8cb37e-2a00-804b-b863-f9d024da4e3b", "1f0cb37e-2a00-807b-b90d-c617396032ba" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-80b5-a6b6-d72a0e6d6596", "name": "AI Scientific Literature Agents", "slug": "ai-scientific-literature-agents", "description": "Develop AI agents that can read, summarize, and integrate scientific literature, providing researchers and policymakers with synthesized insights.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-8057-9d57-e7bd3d6b827c", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8022-b63e-cab7d95df5e7", "1c7cb37e-2a00-80aa-9f5f-df327eb9a4d6", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8059-8088-e672358a9369", "1c7cb37e-2a00-805b-87a9-cf4889575a60", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8094-8161-f3f67a9bbfd7", "1c7cb37e-2a00-80ea-91c2-ec9ab4767da6", "1c7cb37e-2a00-80a8-9595-de4ca491e8d3", "1c7cb37e-2a00-807b-8068-d9e4e95d98a4", "1c7cb37e-2a00-805a-a696-cdc707353263", "1cccb37e-2a00-8064-8ea6-ea96ee50d8b1", "1f0cb37e-2a00-80ef-84ae-f2a71869c0d1" ], "tags": [ "Security Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-80ba-9a56-e74ba0d95dfb", "name": "Post-Publication Peer Review Layer", "slug": "post-publication-peer-review-layer", "description": "Establish a community-driven, post-publication peer review system that supplements traditional publishing, enhancing transparency and accountability.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-8059-acb8-c44edb67561a", "1c7cb37e-2a00-805c-a1b2-c575911c177e", "1c7cb37e-2a00-805e-8412-c05ef692fb58", "1c7cb37e-2a00-801f-9cad-caf881a8dc0a" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-80ca-abe3-ea2550fdc7f0", "name": "New Models to Reduce Fundraising Burden of Scientists", "slug": "new-models-to-reduce-fundraising-burden-of-scientists", "description": "There are various solutions that could help scientists spend less time fundraising and more time doing science. This could include new structures for research institutes, where researchers don’t need to apply for external grants, and new tools for decentralized science funding.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-801a-995a-ee7fec858231", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8015-bcdd-f6d8a3adcb01", "1c8cb37e-2a00-809b-84fa-c0df4a915e6b", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80bf-99f4-cae27f566a23", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80ca-95fa-f83367ebb879", "1c8cb37e-2a00-803b-b95e-ec7200fe333e", "1c8cb37e-2a00-800f-8a81-d3bc66cee78d", "1c8cb37e-2a00-803d-ac1e-ed4e0a49d4e7", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80aa-b68a-e4833519cf4d" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-80d5-8d2c-d403864922db", "name": "Large Knowledge Models", "slug": "large-knowledge-models", "description": "Knowledge models that can facilitate reasoning by synthesizing and clarifying relevant information transparently from multiple domains.\n\n“Provide a semantic medium that is both more expressive and more computationally tractable than natural language, a medium able to support formal and informal reasoning, human and inter-agent communication, and the development of scalable quasilinguistic corpora with characteristics of both [scientific] literatures and associative memory”.\n\nLLMs have powerful capabilities but their knowledge is opaque,  not cumulative, and not easily updatable and comparable. Human society has not only individual brains with memory but a cumulative scholarship to grow knowledge, compare alternative views, etc.\n\nSuch AI could be used as a collective strategic assistant. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-801b-87fd-d97deb6b46e4", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8058-9545-e969fa4a9a2d", "1c7cb37e-2a00-80b5-8589-e727dc14ebad" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-80e8-8c20-c5615927d5e4", "name": "Knowledge Synthesis Infrastructure", "slug": "knowledge-synthesis-infrastructure", "description": "Build robust infrastructure to integrate and synthesize diverse scientific findings into cohesive, accessible formats for researchers.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c7cb37e-2a00-8069-b7e6-d9cae4e87566", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8075-b6ca-f4c80d96339d", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8011-acd5-d6d48844d87d", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8039-a840-f08d0b956ed3", "1c7cb37e-2a00-80ea-a912-eb37108088f3", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8028-aa9e-fcc30075f576", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8099-927b-ca0a33e59147", "1c7cb37e-2a00-8079-a4b8-cb651dd49c39", "1c3cb37e-2a00-80aa-86e6-c4e104bbd4e8", "1c3cb37e-2a00-8013-af60-eda2babda1b7", "1f0cb37e-2a00-800d-b5e7-ed7ee0f744f4", "1f0cb37e-2a00-80b7-a058-c217fa7e3557" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-80ef-9bc7-c3b83e978b6c", "name": "Improved Interventions for Malnutrition", "slug": "improved-interventions-for-malnutrition", "description": "We need to better understand the physiology of malnutrition and develop improved interventions.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-805e-8fbe-fc6236f59772", "1c8cb37e-2a00-807a-84df-cc60faf5eb10", "1f0cb37e-2a00-807b-b90d-c617396032ba" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c7cb37e-2a00-80f6-a55e-e559745cf6de", "name": "Improved Vaccine Distribution ", "slug": "improved-vaccine-distribution", "description": "Vaccine distribution is also a significant challenge in low-resource settings.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-80fe-9d1d-c7c105b4ffba" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-8006-b1bf-dc940ba4bc84", "name": "Easy Longitudinal Sampling", "slug": "easy-longitudinal-sampling", "description": "Implement noninvasive, low-cost sampling methods (e.g., breath analysis and point-of-care nucleic acid sequencing) to collect repeated, high-resolution physiological data. This would augment the depth of data from initiatives such as the NIH All of Us research program.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-80c9-928b-ff63e1ffe9d6", "1c8cb37e-2a00-803e-a7a7-e309e720ef10", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8071-8bee-ecacfd6c69ac", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80db-8c26-c717fcebe5d5", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8027-8962-feeaff5a90aa" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-8008-933d-fe972adef17b", "name": "Scalable Tool Compounds", "slug": "scalable-tool-compounds", "description": "Develop large libraries of tool compounds to systematically probe molecular interactions, aiding both drug discovery and toxicity prediction.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c0cb37e-2a00-806b-b7c9-e330d034418a" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-800f-9695-c0558dc96e19", "name": "Combinatorial Aging Interventions Screening", "slug": "combinatorial-aging-interventions-screening", "description": "Develop aging-relevant in vitro models and screen combinations of interventions (e.g., small molecules, gene therapies) using multi-omic and functional readouts to identify synergistic treatments that extend lifespan or promote regeneration.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8061-a9e1-f41379e38e2a", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80db-beb2-d5def5652d0e", "22fcb37e-2a00-80bb-a88c-ed098092131e" ], "tags": [ "Longevity and Aging" ] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-801d-af58-da384dc30288", "name": "Understudied Biological Systems", "slug": "understudied-biological-systems", "description": "There are many other biological systems that are understudied. We need field building to drive greater study of important biological dark matter, e.g., extracellular matrix biology, pregnancy, thymic involution, chronic infections driving chronic disease, menopause biology, and many others", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8092-bf8b-c9764abd2d84" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-801f-8653-dd1242e1c317", "name": "Comprehensive Foodome Mapping", "slug": "comprehensive-foodome-mapping", "description": "Systematically catalog the chemical and biological components of foods and study their interactions with the human body at multiple scales—from receptors to whole organisms.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8034-b2b9-d986422c589c", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8056-acc3-e85545dc9aab" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-801f-87d2-fe4cc430af32", "name": "Map the Determinants of Cellular Migration in the Body", "slug": "map-the-determinants-of-cellular-migration-in-the-body", "description": "Map the determinants of cellular migration in the body to block metastasis and control cellular delivery.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-80e7-b9b6-cb1d362649b3" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-8031-adbc-d93ca42a77e3", "name": "Developing Immortal Biological Models", "slug": "developing-immortal-biological-models", "description": "Develop immortal model organisms beyond cell lines to enable the study of longevity and underlying mechanisms of aging. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-80e6-adea-df6fc02d4824", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8089-9c81-da75c6ccd549" ], "tags": [ "Longevity and Aging" ] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-8045-9056-da1570c17f64", "name": "Bioremediation", "slug": "bioremediation", "description": "Engineered microbes and plants for environmental remediation (e.g., superfund and landfill clean-up and mining) that can survive in toxic conditions and degrade diverse classes of pollutants while concentrating and mining valuable elements.\n\nBiocontainment risks need to be addressed. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8088-b06e-cf623050cf04", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80c8-a2b1-daba5af8af23" ], "tags": [ "Safety Risk" ] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-8049-8754-e7df26db4bbc", "name": "Multi-Modal Chemical Data to Enable AlphaChem", "slug": "multi-modal-chemical-data-to-enable-alphachem", "description": "An open dataset that links multiple modes of chemical characterization, integrating existing databases that are currently siloed or behind paywalls. \n\nThe dataset should include structure, synthetic route, NMR/ IR spectra, and bioactivity to enable truly holistic chemical AI that can predict synthesis routes and spectra based on structure.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-80f9-9dcd-ce4a682772ea" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-804c-b1a9-c0333ba552c4", "name": "Immunodominance Prediction for New Pathogens", "slug": "immunodominance-prediction-for-new-pathogens", "description": "Develop models to forecast which epitopes will dominate immune responses upon exposure to new antigens, guiding vaccine and therapeutic development.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-80db-9766-fa0fbe7454da" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-805d-a86f-dccdda6d37a3", "name": "Improved & New Gene Therapy Delivery Vehicles", "slug": "improved-new-gene-therapy-delivery-vehicles", "description": "Develop improved gene therapy vectors that can be manufactured at scale, as well as completely novel therapeutic gene therapy delivery vehicles. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-807a-a611-c72d0e3ad74c", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80e1-b33c-e6a4c3710b93", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80c0-9cd2-ceb1a0b51086" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-805d-ac85-d2e3598dda45", "name": "Microelectronics for Tissue-Targeted Delivery", "slug": "microelectronics-for-tissue-targeted-delivery", "description": "Utilize ultra-small microelectronic devices delivered via endovascular routes to target specific tissues (including the brain), bypassing the limitations of viral vectors and bulky implants.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8097-b20d-e40c750d5409", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8060-a8de-ef513bda76c0", "1b6cb37e-2a00-80b2-892a-caa74ee9c8e6" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-8068-a40a-fc08a69a477f", "name": "Microplastics Characterization and Degradation", "slug": "microplastics-characterization-and-degradation", "description": "Characterize microplastics in food and water and understand human exposure and impacts. Develop new technologies to degrade PET, polystyrene, and microplastics (e.g., microbe/ enzyme systems).", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8049-a686-dace4b624bbe", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80b6-a1ae-e1edb4d36877" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-806c-954e-c64cc93cc7e5", "name": "Immunogenicity Prediction for Biologics", "slug": "immunogenicity-prediction-for-biologics", "description": "Create computational models to predict and mitigate immune responses to biologic drugs, improving safety profiles.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-800a-93e7-cfd43e7e0a52" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-806e-a3b2-d656247d1f19", "name": "Pharm-ome Mapping", "slug": "pharm-ome-mapping", "description": "Systematically map drug–target interactions (the “pharm-ome”) to better predict drug efficacy, side effects, and repurposing", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8087-9eb5-ddc112af4f3e", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80dd-adb8-e9e458b649ef", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8050-ab4c-ee21a61284bc", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8036-bbbb-c102013c4f41", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8037-94eb-ecdc6486cef9", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8081-a5c6-f25044e6bfc2" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-8071-a638-cbb3eccff38c", "name": "Accessing Human Cohorts", "slug": "accessing-human-cohorts", "description": "Develop platforms (e.g., multi-channel data collection systems) to continuously monitor health parameters in diverse human cohorts, e.g., existing or planned clinical trials. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-800d-9a0c-da40d74c1b7b" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-8073-8eb1-eeb020a12336", "name": "Engineering Endosymbionts", "slug": "engineering-endosymbionts", "description": "Study and engineer endosymbiotic relationships (e.g., mitochondria) to better understand and manipulate cellular energy production, potentially offering new avenues to treat bioenergetic disorders.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8011-9036-e318ffad41df", "216cb37e-2a00-80d9-a691-c3889cba9243", "216cb37e-2a00-8068-916f-fd352e290dc6" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-8075-b9fd-e4e70d8882d8", "name": "Chemical and Cell-Type Resolved Mapping of Brain Activation", "slug": "chemical-and-cell-type-resolved-mapping-of-brain-activation", "description": "Create detailed, functional maps of hypothalamus/brainstem activation by specific peptides and hormones to link neural activity with physiological outcomes and decipher how the brain orchestrates complex physiological responses.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1b6cb37e-2a00-8086-949c-fa2b0818bee8" ], "tags": [ "Brain-Body Interactions" ] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-807a-8c8a-f352bb0eaba5", "name": "Arctic Interventions", "slug": "arctic-interventions", "description": "Understand whether specific interventions in the Arctic, from Mixed-Phase Cloud Thinning to Sea Ice Thickening can counter extreme warming and tipping-points in the region. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8062-a9f7-d96b18a79f7f", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8011-86b1-e363fdd8a57d", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8037-a456-ee469a3fc016", "1c3cb37e-2a00-800d-874b-c511322ad6e2", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8013-9b53-e8505657821a" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-807b-b5e3-ddbd1ab17bec", "name": "In-Vivo/ In-Situ Pooled Screening", "slug": "in-vivo-in-situ-pooled-screening", "description": "Implement pooled screening techniques directly in living organisms to test multiple intervention combinations concurrently in aged context, accelerating discovery in complex disease and aging research.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-805d-94ed-d5783f6c6538", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80bb-b7ec-c306e92d681a", "1fccb37e-2a00-8035-abaf-e635fbfc2aae", "216cb37e-2a00-808e-92f4-c6979155c736" ], "tags": [ "Longevity and Aging" ] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-808d-8a72-d5b96ca43396", "name": "Surveillance of Microbes and Fungi", "slug": "surveillance-of-microbes-and-fungi", "description": "Surveillance networks of genetic mutations in bacteria and fungi–both foodborne pathogens and antimicrobial resistance trends.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-80a1-9e48-e30fa8c9ab92", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80c1-9c74-fbe498d68a8a" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-8090-a5e4-cebc0eb7f707", "name": "Predictive Drug Safety and Efficacy Models", "slug": "predictive-drug-safety-and-efficacy-models", "description": "Develop predictive models for ADME-Tox to lower drug candidate failure rates and increase clinical safety and efficacy.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8046-8f8a-e46abeaa64ca", "1c8cb37e-2a00-805f-befe-dff67e32eabe", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80ea-9837-e8cb8be5b110", "1f0cb37e-2a00-80cf-9b28-f216eed1127a" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-8091-aac6-ee716164c482", "name": "Better Systems Measurements", "slug": "better-systems-measurements", "description": "To study interactions in complex systems we need to measure multiple agents simultaneously, ideally with timecourse data. Doing this in live aged organisms would require new tools.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-804c-92b6-c925b015954c", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80f4-a127-c37467632f31" ], "tags": [ "Longevity and Aging" ] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-80a9-9338-e41e0b54230e", "name": "Whole Body Connectomes", "slug": "whole-body-connectomes", "description": "Map the connectivity not only within the brain but also between the brain and peripheral organs to reveal integrated regulatory networks.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8039-be47-dc2fb18f6c1e", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8053-b7b9-d776dca431c2", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8046-8434-f83cd4506c46" ], "tags": [ "Brain-Body Interactions" ] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-80ca-94d3-e1c71507787b", "name": "Long-Term Multimorbidity Endpoints", "slug": "long-term-multimorbidity-endpoints", "description": "Human long term multimorbidity endpoint  trials of known to be safe compounds", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-802b-965c-f8af4ae15fb8" ], "tags": [ "Longevity and Aging" ] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-80cb-9d04-eb04f661a70d", "name": "Protecting Ocean Ecosystems", "slug": "protecting-ocean-ecosystems", "description": "Develop approaches to protect ocean ecosystems. E.g. Studies have shown that shading corals for the 4 hottest hours of the day can significantly reduce bleaching.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-80f5-b57a-c3a4ece3c65e", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80a1-9f3b-eeb56c6d389e" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-80cc-8cbd-d7f587ecea40", "name": "Glacier Measurement Tools", "slug": "glacier-measurement-tools", "description": "New technologies to collect data about ice sheets and improve the efficiency with which we can use that data. For example, UAV-borne ice-penetrating radar systems.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-8094-9e59-c04bb8c32ccd", "1c8cb37e-2a00-8057-a29f-cef30a9f5eab", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80b9-bfa8-d69c933c1943" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-80d4-8f78-ec0d82bca65a", "name": "Open Synthesis Database", "slug": "open-synthesis-database", "description": "A community-wide, structured repository (PDB-equivalent) of how materials are made, including processing parameters, environments, recipes, and results. Procedure logs and outcomes including failed experiments. ", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-809f-acd1-e1acc6b9f485" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-80dd-a39a-e71bc705d42a", "name": "Expanded Biobank Initiatives", "slug": "expanded-biobank-initiatives", "description": "Broaden the scope and diversity of existing biobanks (e.g., the UK BioBank) to include more global populations and additional longitudinal health measures.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-809b-a41d-e8fab127463c", "1c0cb37e-2a00-8015-98cf-d61116a06a31", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80ef-a91a-e83020c733c1" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-80ef-825d-f46ba209a0a3", "name": "Toxin Mapping and Neutralization", "slug": "toxin-mapping-and-neutralization", "description": "Adapt pharm-ome mapping approaches to environmental toxins to predict their biological impacts and improve safety assessments. \n\nFor example, scalable solutions for rapid detection and neutralization of mycotoxins in food systems, which contaminate 25% of agricultural products and post significant health risks (e.g., portable sensors and enzyme/ microbial/ RNA-based detoxification systems).", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-80de-ae39-ea7d1ec5dafb", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80b8-b2f7-f6aa717fc12e", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80ac-8009-c9e22e4780d8", "1c8cb37e-2a00-80fb-8a22-c7183a5fae59" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-80f3-a427-d4128d753435", "name": "Functional Food Component Analysis", "slug": "functional-food-component-analysis", "description": "Measure the biological effects of food components at the receptor, cellular, organ, and organism levels to understand their impact on human health.", "gaps": [], "resources": [ "1c8cb37e-2a00-80d3-9d73-ee46d53bc81b" ], "tags": [] }, { "id": "1c8cb37e-2a00-80fa-b355-c60a4435c377", "name": "Materials Property Bank", "slug": "materials-property-bank", "description": "Large open dataset of experimentally determined mechanical, thermal, electrical properties of millions of samples that consolidates published and crowdsourced data to enable ML models.\n\nThis would augment initiatives like the Materials Project and OQMD, which are simulation-heavy. 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